Country Stats / Checklists

					Species Count in WorldPlants (might be incomplete)
Country or Region		Code	Surface Area (km²)	Status Checklist	All Species	Indigenous Species	Endemics
EUROPE (1)
NORTHERN EUROPE (10)
more species list checklist	Iceland	ICE	103.000	++	806	740	259
806 All Species 740 Indigenous Species 438 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 259 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 37 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 135 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 7 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 560 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 256 endemic) 302 Microspecies (of them 250 endemic) 66 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Wasowicz, P. (2020): Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants of Iceland Most recent flora A guide to the flowering plants and ferns of Iceland (Kristinsson 1998); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Jan Mayen Isl.	JMY	380	++	59	58	3
59 All Species 58 Indigenous Species 53 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 42 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The flora of Jan Mayen (Lid 1964)
more species list checklist	Svalbard (incl. Bjornoya)	SVA	62.160	++	211	200	1
211 All Species 200 Indigenous Species 196 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 59 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 135 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The Flora of Svalbard (Roenning 1964); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)
more species list checklist	Faeroe Isl.	FOR	1.399	++	399	377	10
399 All Species 377 Indigenous Species 342 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 102 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 245 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic) 35 Microspecies (of them 8 endemic) 22 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Jóhanson, J. (2010): Føroysk flora
more species list checklist	Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., but excl. Channel Isl. and Northern Ireland)	GRB	244.110	++	3439	2492	653
3439 All Species 2492 Indigenous Species 1432 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 653 Endemic Species 50 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 79 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 350 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 48 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 2007 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 641 endemic) 1060 Microspecies (of them 603 endemic) 947 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Stroh, P. A. et al. (2023): Plant Atlas 2020 Most recent flora Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (5 vols., complete, Sell & Murrell 1997-2018); Concise Flora of the British Isles (Stace 2022, 5th ed.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (vol. 1, Sell & Murrell 2018); The illustrated field guide to ferns and allied plants of the British Isles (Jermy 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Wild Orchids of Scotland (Allan, Woods & Clarks 1993); Orchidaceae. In: Flora of Great Britain, Ireland, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, Vol. 5 (Sell & Murrell 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Ireland (incl. Northern Ireland)	IRE	70.000	++	2112	1278	34
2112 All Species 1278 Indigenous Species 943 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 34 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 63 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 231 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 948 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic) 335 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 834 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Stroh, P. A. et al. (2023): Plant Atlas 2020 Most recent flora Webb's An Irish Flora, 8th ed. (Parnell & Curtis, ed., 2012); Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (5 vols., complete, Sell & Murrell 1997-2018); Concise Flora of the British Isles (Stace 2022) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (vol. 1, Sell & Murrell 2018); The illustrated field guide to ferns and allied plants of the British Isles (Jermy 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids British & Irish Orchids: a field guide (Ettlinger 1976); A Guide to the Wild Orchids of Great Britain and Ireland (Lang 1989); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Denmark	DEN	43.094	++	1969	1666	68
1969 All Species 1666 Indigenous Species 1192 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 68 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 289 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1283 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 65 endemic) 474 Microspecies (of them 59 endemic) 303 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas Flora Danica (3 vols., Hartvig et al., ed., 2015) Most recent flora Dansk Flora (2nd udgave, Frederiksen et al. 2012); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010, incomplete); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Dansk feltflora (Hansen 1981); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Norway	NOR	385.639	++	4143	3801	1937
4143 All Species 3801 Indigenous Species 1334 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1937 Endemic Species 16 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 75 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 337 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 38 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3341 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1935 endemic) 2467 Microspecies (of them 1921 endemic) 342 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Den Nya Nordiska Floran (Mossberg & Stenberg 2003); Norsk Flora (Lid et al. 2005); Flora Nordica, Vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Nordisk fjaellflora (Nilsson 1991); Flora över Dal (Andersson 1981); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed. von Gjaerevoll 1985); Orkideer i Norden (Nylen 1984); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Sweden	SWE	449.964	++	3944	3572	1300
3944 All Species 3572 Indigenous Species 1504 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1300 Endemic Species 28 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 64 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 380 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 44 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3073 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1298 endemic) 2068 Microspecies (of them 1272 endemic) 372 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Mossberg & Stenberg (2003); Norsk Flora (Lid et al. 2005); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed. von Gjaerevoll 1985); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Orkideer i Norden (Nylen 1984); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Finland	FIN	338.144	++	2581	2304	525
2581 All Species 2304 Indigenous Species 1110 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 525 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 311 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1895 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 524 endemic) 1194 Microspecies (of them 516 endemic) 277 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland (Kurtto et al. 2020) Most recent flora Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finnland) (Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998), Flora Fennica, vol. 1-3 (Lönnrotin 2002); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed., Gjaerevoll 1985); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Kaemmekaet - Suomen orkideat (Korhonen & Vuokko 1987); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
MIDDLE EUROPE (11)
more species list checklist	Netherlands	NET	33.920	++	2048	1686	45
2048 All Species 1686 Indigenous Species 1274 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 45 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 46 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 310 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 46 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1277 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 43 endemic) 412 Microspecies (of them 42 endemic) 362 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Neerlandica (Koniklijke Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging, 14 vols. published, incomplete); Heukels Flora van Nederland (23. Aufl., Mejden et al. 2005); De Nederlandse Oecologische Flora (5 vols., Weeda 2003); Nova Flora Neerlandica (Haveman et al., eds., 2022-, 1 vol. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora van Nederland (21. ed.) (Heuckels & van der Meijden 1990); De orchideen van Nederland - ecologie - verspreiding - bedreiging - beheer (Kreutz & Dekker 2000); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Belgium	BGM	30.688	++	2138	1724	22
2138 All Species 1724 Indigenous Species 1406 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 22 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 57 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 326 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 52 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1281 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 21 endemic) 318 Microspecies (of them 20 endemic) 414 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora (van Rompaey & Delvosalle 1972) Most recent flora Flore de Belgique (Verloove et al. 2023); Flore generale de Belgique (Lawalrée et al., 1952-1993); Verloove F. & Van Rossum F. (2023) – Flora van België, het Groothertogdom Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en de aangrenzende gebieden ( Pteridofyten en Spermatofyten).. - 7th ed., 988 p. Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998); Orchidaceae Belgicae (Klopfenstein & Toussaint 1983-87); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Luxembourg	LUX	2.586	+	1363	1219	3
1363 All Species 1219 Indigenous Species 1107 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 234 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 41 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 890 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 112 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 144 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora (van Rompaey & Delvosalle 1972) Most recent flora Verloove F. & Van Rossum F. (2023) – Flora van België, het Groothertogdom Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en de aangrenzende gebieden ( Pteridofyten en Spermatofyten).. - 7th ed., 988 p. Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Online Atlas of the Pteridophytes of Luxembourg (www.pteridophytes.lu) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen Luxemburgs (Mangen et al. 1993); Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998)
more species list checklist	Germany	GER	356.970	++	6804	3799	505
6804 All Species 3799 Indigenous Species 2482 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 505 Endemic Species 80 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 88 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 540 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 67 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 3085 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 478 endemic) 1317 Microspecies (of them 425 endemic) 3005 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Florenliste von Deutschland - Gefäßpflanzen. Version 14 (Hand et al. 2024, www.florenliste-deutschland.de) Most recent flora Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., many volumes, 3rd ed., incomplete); Flora von Deutschland und angrenzender Länder (Schmeil/Fitschen) (92. Auflage 2003, ed. Senghas & Seybold); Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora, ed. 8 (Oberdorfer, Begr., 2001); Exkursionsflora von Deutschland (Rothmaler, Begr., 22. Aufl. 2021, ed. Jäger); Flora Germanica (Hassler & Muer, 2022, 2 vols.); Die Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas (Aichele & Schwegler 1994, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora von Deutschland und angrenzender Länder (Schmeil/Fitschen), (89. Auflage 1993, ed. Senghas & Seybold); Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1995); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Switzerland	SWI	41.285	++	3450	3048	185
3450 All Species 3048 Indigenous Species 2520 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 185 Endemic Species 65 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 90 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 493 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2381 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 178 endemic) 528 Microspecies (of them 120 endemic) 402 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Juillerat, P. et auct. mult. (2017): Flora Helvetica. Checklist der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz. - 380 p. Most recent flora Lauber, K., Wagner, G. & Gygax, A. (2024): Flora Helvetica. Illustrierte Flora der Schweiz. - 7. Aufl., Haupt-Verlag, 1696 p.; Flora der Schweiz (3 vols., Hess et al. 1976-1980); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004); Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., multiple volumes, 3rd ed. incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1994); Die Orchideen der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Reinhard et al. 1991); Die Orchideen der Schweiz (Danesch 1984); Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Hess, Landolt & Hirzel 1967-1970); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Liechtenstein	LIE	161	++	1425	1306	2
1425 All Species 1306 Indigenous Species 1275 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 46 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 243 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 967 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them endemic) 119 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora von Liechtenstein (Waldburger et al. 2003); Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1994); Die Orchideen der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Reinhard et al. 1991); Die Orchideen der Schweiz (Danesch 1984); Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Hess, Landolt & Hirzel 1967-1970); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Austria	AUT	83.858	++	3652	3246	170
3652 All Species 3246 Indigenous Species 2771 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 170 Endemic Species 86 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 81 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 537 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 75 Indigenous Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 2533 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 153 endemic) 475 Microspecies (of them 84 endemic) 406 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., many volumes, 3rd 3d. incomplete); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Exkursionsflora von Österreich (Fischer, ed., 1994); Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1995); Wildwachsende Orchideen in Österreich (Redl 1996); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Poland	POL	312.684	++	3005	2695	70
3005 All Species 2695 Indigenous Species 2077 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 69 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 436 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 48 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2123 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 68 endemic) 618 Microspecies (of them 52 endemic) 310 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flowering Plants and Pteridophytes of Poland. A Checklist (Mirez et al. 2002) Most recent flora Flora polska (Szafera, ed., 1919 - 1980, 14 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Poland (Szlachetko & Skakuj 1996); Storczyki Zachodniej Czesci Polskich Beskidow (Bernacki 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Atlas Flory Polskiej i Ziem Osciennych, Vol. 5, pt. 1 (Madalski 1971); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Czech Republic	CZE	78.866	++	2724	2433	60
2724 All Species 2433 Indigenous Species 1981 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 60 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 72 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 424 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 58 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1862 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 57 endemic) 452 Microspecies (of them 41 endemic) 291 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic (Danihelka et al. 2012) Most recent flora Klič ke Květeně České republiky (Kubát, ed., 2002); Květena České (Socialistické) republiky (Slavík & Hejný, ed., 1988-2011, 8 vols., vol. 9 planned)) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideje nasi prirody (Prochazka & Velisek 1983); Orchid distribution and protection in Moravia and Silesia (Husak 1996); Verbreitung und Schutz der Orchideen in Mähren und Schlesien (Jatiova & Smitak 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Slovakia	SLO	49.034	++	3312	2785	125
3312 All Species 2785 Indigenous Species 2453 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 125 Endemic Species 23 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 70 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 477 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 58 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2161 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 121 endemic) 332 Microspecies (of them 102 endemic) 527 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist http://ibot.sav.sk/checklist/index.php (Marhold & Hindak) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideje nasi prirody (Prochazka & Velisek 1983); Orchid distribution and protection in Moravia and Silesia (Husak 1996); Verbreitung und Schutz der Orchideen in Mähren und Schlesien (Jatiova & Smitak 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Hungary	HUN	93.030	++	2863	2363	82
2863 All Species 2363 Indigenous Species 2183 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 82 Endemic Species 22 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 458 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 59 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1775 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 76 endemic) 180 Microspecies (of them 60 endemic) 500 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants of Hungary (Bartha et al. 2015) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Vadon elo orchideak (Molnar, Sulyok & Videki 1995); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
SOUTH WESTERN EUROPE (12)
more species list checklist	Portugal (excl. Azores, Madeira)	POR	89.357	++	3028	2587	118
3028 All Species 2587 Indigenous Species 2528 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 118 Endemic Species 111 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 62 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 526 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 53 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1930 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 98 endemic) 59 Microspecies (of them 7 endemic) 441 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011) Most recent flora Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); The Orchid Flora of Portugal (Tyteca 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Spain (mainland, excl. Baleares, Canary Isl. and African exclaves)	SPA	501.453	++	6620	5975	1590
6620 All Species 5975 Indigenous Species 5266 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1590 Endemic Species 1125 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 17 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 113 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 918 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 105 endemic) 93 Indigenous Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 4819 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1452 endemic) 709 Microspecies (of them 465 endemic) 645 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete); Flora ornamental Espanola (Vol. 1-6, incomplete); Flora Valentina (G. M. Sanz et al., 2011-, 4 vols. published); Flora Vascular de Andalucia Occidental (Valdes et al., 3 vols., 1987); Flora Vascular de Andalucia Oriental (2nd ed., Blanca et al. 2011); Flora dels Paisons Catalans (Bolòs & Vigo, 1988-2001, 4 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Andorra	ADO	468	++	1470	1405	3
1470 All Species 1405 Indigenous Species 1335 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 44 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 228 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 24 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1100 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 70 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 65 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Check-list i Llista vermella de la flora d'Andorra (Carrillo et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flowers of Andorra (Crozier & Matschke 1993); Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Gibraltar	GIB	7	++	668	569	1
668 All Species 569 Indigenous Species 568 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 11 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 101 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 444 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The flowers of Gibraltar (Leslie et al. 1996) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Baleares	BAL	4.992	++	1661	1479	160
1661 All Species 1479 Indigenous Species 1412 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 160 Endemic Species 115 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 275 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1119 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 143 endemic) 67 Microspecies (of them 45 endemic) 182 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora de Mallorca (Vols. 1-4, Bonafe 1977-1980); Illustrated Flora of Mallorca (Beckett 1993); Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Orquidacies. - In: Flora de Mallorca, Vol. 2 (Barcelo 1978); Petita guia de las Orquidies de les Balears (Alomar 1994); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	France (mainland, excl. Corsica)	FRA	535.285	++	8207	7382	2477
8207 All Species 7382 Indigenous Species 4461 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2477 Endemic Species 287 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 122 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 867 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 44 endemic) 109 Indigenous Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 6247 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2410 endemic) 2921 Microspecies (of them 2190 endemic) 825 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index synonymique de la flore de France (Kerguélen 1993) Most recent flora Flora Gallica (Tison & de Foucault 2014, 2nd ed planned for 2025); Les quatres flores de France (4. ed., Fournier 1977); Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines (6. ed.) (Lambinon & Verloove 2012); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Monaco	MCO	2	-	243	164	0
243 All Species 164 Indigenous Species 163 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 139 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 79 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
more species list checklist	British Channel Isl.	CIS	198	+	1509	935	6
1509 All Species 935 Indigenous Species 834 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 33 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 184 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 698 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 101 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 574 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vice-County Census Catalogue (Botanicalkeys.co.uk) Most recent flora Wildflowers of Alderney (Bonnard 2008); A flora of the Island of Jersey (Lester-Garland 1903); The Wild Flowers of Jersey (Shirreffs 2015)
more species list checklist	Corsica	COR	8.680	++	2279	2112	117
2279 All Species 2112 Indigenous Species 2050 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 117 Endemic Species 92 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 71 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 431 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 56 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1534 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 100 endemic) 62 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 167 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Corsica, 2ème ed. (Jeanmonod & Gamisans 2013); Les quatres flores de France (4. ed., Fournier 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Sardinia	SAR	23.318	++	2159	2015	166
2159 All Species 2015 Indigenous Species 1957 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 166 Endemic Species 126 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 390 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 1499 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 154 endemic) 58 Microspecies (of them 40 endemic) 144 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora dell' Isola di Sardegna, Vol. 1-6 (Arrigoni 2006-2015); Flora Sarda / Piante Endemiche (Marras 2000); Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidee spontanee della Sardegna (Giotta & Picitto 1990); Orchidee spontanee della Sardegna (Scrugli 1991); Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982) Orchidee. Specie spontanee (Liverani 1991); Orchidacee d’Italia (Grünanger 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (13)
more species list checklist	Italy (mainland) (incl. Elba Isl., Capri Isl.)	ITA	203.856	++	6176	5564	838
6176 All Species 5564 Indigenous Species 5040 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 838 Endemic Species 618 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 123 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 925 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 54 endemic) 150 Indigenous Orchids (of them 54 endemic) 4334 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 726 endemic) 524 Microspecies (of them 220 endemic) 612 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.); Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Flora Analitica della Toscana (Arrigoni, 2016-2021, 8 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Le Pteridofite d'Italia (Marchetti 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982); Orchidee d’Italia (Sguazzini & Glerean 1981); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Sicily	SIC	25.426	++	2628	2396	242
2628 All Species 2396 Indigenous Species 2333 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 242 Endemic Species 204 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 470 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 67 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 1783 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 204 endemic) 63 Microspecies (of them 38 endemic) 232 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (Giardina et al. 2007); Checklist of the vascular flora of Sicily (Raimondo, Domina & Spadaro 2010); An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982); Orchidee d’Italia (Sguazzini & Glerean 1981); A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (GIARDINA et al. 2007); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa, Linosa, Lampione)	PEL	25	+	522	502	10
522 All Species 502 Indigenous Species 498 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 8 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 108 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 386 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 20 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora e vegetazione dell'Isola di Lampedusa (Bartolo et al. 1988)
more species list checklist	Pantelleria Isl.	PTL	83	+	496	476	6
496 All Species 476 Indigenous Species 472 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 16 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 90 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 365 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 20 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (Giardina et al. 2007); Checklist of the vascular flora of Sicily (Raimondo, Domina & Spadaro 2010) Most recent flora Flora dell' Isola Pantelleria (Sommier 1922)
more species list checklist	Malta	MLT	316	++	889	799	19
889 All Species 799 Indigenous Species 794 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 19 Endemic Species 15 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 28 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 117 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 28 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 619 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 90 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora A Flora of the Maltese Islands (Haslam, Sell & Wolseley 1977); Flora of the Maltese Islands (Casha 2018) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Le Orchidaceae dell'archipelago maltese (Bartolo et al. 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	San Marino	SMA	61	+	1014	824	0
1014 All Species 824 Indigenous Species 822 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 14 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 150 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 629 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 190 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora vascolare della Repubblica di San Marino (Alessandrini et al. 2022); Flora della repubblica di San Marino (Pampanini 1930) [outdated]
more species list checklist	Slovenia	SLV	20.273	+	2996	2738	36
2996 All Species 2738 Indigenous Species 2634 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 70 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 523 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 62 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2062 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 34 endemic) 104 Microspecies (of them 17 endemic) 258 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Register flore Slovenije (Trpin & Vres 1995) Most recent flora Flora of Slovenia (iFlora - Plant Guide Book 22) (Tackenberg); Mala flora Slovenije, kljuc za dolocanje praprotnic in semenk (Martinic et al. 1999) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Croatia	CRO	56.594	++	4344	3837	146
4344 All Species 3837 Indigenous Species 3693 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 146 Endemic Species 91 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 84 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 685 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 84 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 2954 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 128 endemic) 144 Microspecies (of them 55 endemic) 507 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Nikolić T. ed. (2015): Flora Croatica Database (http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd) Most recent flora Nikolić, T. (2019-2020): Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske. 4 vols. (complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Bosnia & Hercegovina	BIH	51.209	-	2828	2650	70
2828 All Species 2650 Indigenous Species 2582 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 61 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 54 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 473 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 72 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2026 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 66 endemic) 68 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 178 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Bosne i Hercegovine (Beck 1903-1921, 1927, Beck & Maly 1950, Bjelčić 1967-1983, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Bosnia & Hercegovina (Sabanovic et al. 2021)
more species list checklist	Montenegro	MNT	13.812	o	2597	2516	38
2597 All Species 2516 Indigenous Species 2456 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 38 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 67 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 443 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 49 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1932 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 60 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 81 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Katalog Vaskularne Flora Crne Gore, Tom. 1 (Stesevic & Cakovic 2013) [incomplete] Most recent flora Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae (Rohlena 1942) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideenflora Montenegros (Parolly 1991, in Mitt. Bl. AHO Bad.-Württ., Vol. 24); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Serbia	SRB	77.474	o	3124	2988	20
3124 All Species 2988 Indigenous Species 2935 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 20 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 60 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 538 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2310 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 53 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 136 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora of Serbia, Vol. 1 (Niketic & Tomovic 2018) [incomplete] Most recent flora Flora SR Srbije (Josifović 1970-1976, 1977; Sarić & Diklić 1986); Flora Srbije (Saric et al., eds., 1992; Stevanovic et al., eds., 2012) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Kosovo	KOS	10.877	-	3123	2992	6
3123 All Species 2992 Indigenous Species 2940 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 549 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2301 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) 52 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 131 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora SR Srbije (Josifović 1970-1976, 1977; Sarić & Diklić 1986); Flora Srbije (Saric et al., eds., 1992; Stevanovic et al., eds., 2012); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	North Macedonia (Macedonia)	NMA	25.713	o	3042	2944	104
3042 All Species 2944 Indigenous Species 2867 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 104 Endemic Species 93 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 453 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 52 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2356 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 97 endemic) 77 Microspecies (of them 11 endemic) 98 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora na Republika Makedonija (Micevski et al. 1983-2006, Matevski 2010; 7 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Albania	ALB	28.748	+	3388	3247	70
3388 All Species 3247 Indigenous Species 3191 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 55 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 56 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 584 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 63 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2516 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 62 endemic) 56 Microspecies (of them 15 endemic) 141 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Albania (Barina et al. 2017), Checklist of vascular plants of Albania (Barina et al. 2018); Atlas Florae Albanicae (Vangjeli 2017, 1 vol. published) Most recent flora Illustrated Flora of Albania (Pils 2016); Excursion Flora of Albania (Vangjeli 2015) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Illustrated Flora of Albania (Pils 2016); Die Orchideenflora Albaniens (Gölz & Reinhard 1984); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Romania	ROM	237.500	++	3489	3215	155
3489 All Species 3215 Indigenous Species 3039 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 155 Endemic Species 98 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 68 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 600 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 60 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2469 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 145 endemic) 176 Microspecies (of them 57 endemic) 274 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Republicii Socialiste România (1952-1976, 13 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora Romaniei, Vol. II (Beldie 1979); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Bulgaria	BUL	110.994	++	3869	3669	258
3869 All Species 3669 Indigenous Species 3503 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 258 Endemic Species 180 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 62 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 619 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 53 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2908 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 241 endemic) 166 Microspecies (of them 78 endemic) 200 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora (Assyov et al., 4th ed. 2012) Most recent flora Flora Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae (Jordanov et al., 1963-2012, 11 vols.); Flora bulgarica (CD-ROM, 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora von Bulgarien (Stojanow & Stafanov 1948); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	European Turkey	TUE	23.764	++	2058	1973	14
2058 All Species 1973 Indigenous Species 1958 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 28 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 430 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1468 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic) 15 Microspecies (of them endemic) 85 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000, 9 vols. + 2 supplement volumes, complete); Flowers of Turkey - A photo guide (Pils 2006) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen der Türkei (Kreutz 1999)+J73; Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Greece (incl. Kikladhes, Sporades, Ionian Isl., Korfu, Kithira, Andikithira, Samothraki and Limnos, excl. Crete and East Aegaean Isl. [see there])	GRC	123.600	++	5174	4804	861
5174 All Species 4804 Indigenous Species 4614 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 861 Endemic Species 768 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 67 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 23 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 854 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 115 endemic) 108 Indigenous Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 3737 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 719 endemic) 190 Microspecies (of them 93 endemic) 370 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, with supplement 2016); Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016); Atlas of the Hellenic Flora (Strid 2024) Most recent flora Flora Hellenica (Strid & Kit Tan (eds., 1997-2005, 3 vols. published, incomplete); Mountain Flora of Greece (Vol. 1/2, Strid, ed., 1989/1991, incomplete); Flowers of Greece (Lafranchis & Sfikas 2009, 2 vols., field guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Synopsis Flora Graecae: Orchidaceae (Diapulis 1995); The Orchids of Greece - Inventory and Review (Kalopissis 1988); Orchids of Greece (Lepper 1981); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Crete	KRI	8.336	++	1954	1784	194
1954 All Species 1784 Indigenous Species 1768 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 194 Endemic Species 189 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 39 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 357 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 47 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 1327 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 155 endemic) 16 Microspecies (of them 5 endemic) 170 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, with supplement 2016); Atlas of the Hellenic Flora (Strid 2024) Most recent flora Exkursionsflora für Kreta (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen von Kreta und Karpathos (Alibertis 1997) (engl. ed. 1998); Orchidaceae (Scheurer & Jahn). In: Exkursionsflora für Kreta (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995); Orchideen auf Kreta, Karpathos & Kasos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
EASTERN EUROPE (14)
more species list checklist	Estonia	EST	45.339	++	1957	1432	39
1957 All Species 1432 Indigenous Species 1140 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 39 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 47 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 268 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 36 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1070 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 38 endemic) 292 Microspecies (of them 35 endemic) 525 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas of the Estonian Flora 2020 (Kukk et al., 2021); Eesti Taimestik (Checklist of vascular plants) (Kukk 1999) Most recent flora Eesti NSV Floora (Flora of Estonian SSR, Vol. 1-11, 1953-1984); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Native orchids in Estonia (Kuusk 1996); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Latvia	LAT	64.589	++	1650	1330	4
1650 All Species 1330 Indigenous Species 1144 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 44 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 282 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 29 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 964 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) 186 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 320 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Latvijas vaskularo augu flora. Taksonu Saraksts (Gavrilova & Sulcs 1999, checklist) Most recent flora Latvias PSR Flora (Galenieka, P., ed., 1953-1959, in 4 vols., complete); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003); Flora of Latvian vascular taxa (Gavrilova & Sulcs 1999) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Diversity, state and protection of Orchidaceae species in Lithuania (Gudzinskas 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Lithuania	LIT	65.300	++	1543	1249	0
1543 All Species 1249 Indigenous Species 1155 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 282 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 32 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 886 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 94 Microspecies (of them endemic) 294 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Lietuvos Induociai augalai (Gudzinskas 1999, checklist) Most recent flora Lietuvos PSR Flora (Vols. 1-6, 1959-1980, complete); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Diversity, state and protection of Orchidaceae species in Lithuania (Gudzinskas 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Belarus	BLR	207.595	+	1871	1515	4
1871 All Species 1515 Indigenous Species 1427 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 43 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 313 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1112 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 88 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 356 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Belarusi (Vol. 1-3, 2009-2017, incomplete, in total 6 vols. planned); Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Fedorov, ed., 11 vols., 1988-2007); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	European Russia (excl. Caucasus, incl. Kaliningrad region, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya)	RUS	4.300.000	++	4656	4185	343
4656 All Species 4185 Indigenous Species 3528 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 343 Endemic Species 149 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 73 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 742 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 51 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3299 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 316 endemic) 657 Microspecies (of them 194 endemic) 471 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Fedorov, ed., 11 vols., 1988-2007); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff.); many more regional floras (in Russian) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orkhidei nachei strany (Vakhrameeva et al. 1991)
more species list checklist	Moldova (incl. Transnistria)	MLD	33.843	-	1007	911	3
1007 All Species 911 Indigenous Species 873 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 836 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 38 Microspecies (of them endemic) 96 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Basarabiei (Simonov et al., ed.), Vol. 1 (Ferns and Allies) (2011), Vol. 2 (Magnoliophyta) (2016), Vol. 4 (2023, not yet seen) [incomplete, in total 6 volumes are planned] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Basarabiei (Simonov et al., ed.), Vol. 1 (Ferns and Allies) (2011) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Ukraine (excl. Crimea)	UKR	577.720	++	3280	3015	115
3280 All Species 3015 Indigenous Species 2841 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 115 Endemic Species 97 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 571 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 42 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2327 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 98 endemic) 174 Microspecies (of them 18 endemic) 265 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of the Ukraine: a nomenclatural checklist (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999) Most recent flora Flora URSR [Flora of the Ukrainian SSSR], 1936 - 1965, 12 vols.; Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Ukrainae Carpaticae (Chopik 2015) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Vasheka OV, Bezsmertna OO (2012). Ferns atlas of Ukrainian flora: monograf. Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Ukraine (Sobko 1989, in russian); Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Crimea	KRY	26.080	++	2315	2138	106
2315 All Species 2138 Indigenous Species 2072 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 106 Endemic Species 81 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 364 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 37 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1682 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 94 endemic) 66 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 177 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of the Ukraine: a nomenclatural checklist (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999) Most recent flora Flora Kryma (Wulf., ed., 1927-1969, 10 vols. plus additions) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Vasheka OV, Bezsmertna OO (2012). Ferns atlas of Ukrainian flora: monograf. Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of the Orchids of Crimea (Fateryga & Kreutz 2014); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
AFRICA (2)
NORTHERN AFRICA (20)
more species list checklist	Morocco	MOR	453.730	++	4382	3961	823
4382 All Species 3961 Indigenous Species 3930 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 823 Endemic Species 816 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 68 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 715 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 80 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 3116 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 738 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them 7 endemic) 421 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flore pratique du Maroc (Fennane et al. 1999-2015, 3 vols.); Flore vasculaire du Maroc, inventaire et chorologie (Fennane & Ibn Tattou, 2 vols., 2005-2007); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flore pratique du Maroc, Vol. 1 (Salvo & Ouyahya 1999) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Les orchidées du Maroc (Raynaud 1985); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Western Sahara	WSA	267.769	+	245	243	2
245 All Species 243 Indigenous Species 243 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 41 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 198 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental (Lebrun 1998) Most recent flora Flore de Mauritanie, Vol. 2 (Barry & Celles 1991); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Algeria	ALG	2.381.740	++	3782	3435	244
3782 All Species 3435 Indigenous Species 3404 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 244 Endemic Species 235 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 55 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 633 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 29 endemic) 50 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 2669 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 206 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 347 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Nouvelle Flore de l'Algerie (Quezel & Santa 1962/63, 2 vols.); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Tunisia	TUN	164.418	++	2476	2272	76
2476 All Species 2272 Indigenous Species 2233 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 76 Endemic Species 50 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 40 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 445 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 35 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1737 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 69 endemic) 39 Microspecies (of them 26 endemic) 204 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flore de Tunisie: Catalogue synonymique commente (Le Floc'h & Boulos 2008); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flore de la Tunisie (Pottier-Alapetite, ed., 1979-1984, 3 vols. + Atlas, complete); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidées de Tunisie (Valles & Valles-Lombard 1988)
more species list checklist	Libya	LBY	1.757.000	++	1947	1757	110
1947 All Species 1757 Indigenous Species 1747 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 110 Endemic Species 106 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 16 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 364 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 9 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1355 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 93 endemic) 10 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 190 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Libya (Ali & Jafri, eds., 1976-1990, 150 vols., almost complete); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Libya - Pteridophytes (1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidaceae (Flora Libia, Fasc. 119) (Hossain & El-Gadi 1985); Zur Kenntnis der Orchideenflora der Cyrenaika (Libyen) (Baumann & Baumann 2001)
more species list checklist	Egypt (excl. Sinai peninsula)	EGY	878.000	++	1966	1817	36
1966 All Species 1817 Indigenous Species 1811 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 12 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 394 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 1403 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic) 6 Microspecies (of them endemic) 149 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Egypt (Boulos, ed., 1999-2005, 4 vols., complete); Flora of Egypt (Cairo University, 1981-1998, 9 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Egypt, Vol. 1: Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae (Boulos 1999)
MACARONESIA (21)
more species list checklist	Azores	AZO	2.247	++	957	589	70
957 All Species 589 Indigenous Species 581 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 68 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 139 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 390 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 47 endemic) 8 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 368 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011); Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Catalogo das plantas vasculares dos Acores (Palhina 1966) Most recent flora Flora of the Azores (3rd ed., Schaefer et al. 2022, field guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora Europaea, Vol. 5 (Soó 1980); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die Orchideen der Azoren (Frey 1977); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Madeira	MDR	741	++	1330	769	133
1330 All Species 769 Indigenous Species 758 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 133 Endemic Species 132 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 148 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 546 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 106 endemic) 11 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 561 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011); Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Madeira (Press et al. 1994); Die Farne und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras (Muer et al. 2020); Flores Silvestres de las Islas Canarias (Bramwell & Bramwell 1974) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Madeira (Press 1994); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Orchideen von Madeira (Rückbrodt & Rückbrodt 1990); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Islas Selvagens (Salvajes Isl.)	SEL	3	++	109	95	7
109 All Species 95 Indigenous Species 95 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 79 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Madeira (Press et al. 1994); Die Farne und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras (Muer et al. 2020); Conspectus Floras Salvagicae (Monod 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Madeira (Press 1994); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Orchideen von Madeira (Rückbrodt & Rückbrodt 1990); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Canary Isl.	CNY	7.273	++	2134	1592	641
2134 All Species 1592 Indigenous Species 1582 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 641 Endemic Species 638 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 29.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 54 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 249 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1272 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 593 endemic) 10 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 542 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Sauerbier, H., Calixto, F. & Muer, T. (2023): Flora Vascular de Canarias; Exkursionsflora für die Kanarischen Inseln (Hohenester & Weiss 1993) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Exkursionsflora für die Kanarischen Inseln (Hohenester & Weiss 1993); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Cape Verde Isl.	CVI	4.033	++	771	547	109
771 All Species 547 Indigenous Species 546 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 109 Endemic Species 108 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 36 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 139 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 369 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 93 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 224 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993) Most recent flora Flora de Cabo Verde (Paiva et al., 1995-2002, 106 vols., ?complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Ferns and Fern-Allies (Pteridophyta) of the Cape Verde Islands (Lobin et al. 1998) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA (22)
more species list checklist	Mauritania	MTN	1.030.700	+	921	852	6
921 All Species 852 Indigenous Species 850 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 6 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 11 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 239 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 595 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 69 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental (Lebrun 1998) Most recent flora Flore de Mauritanie (2 vols., Barry & Celles 1991); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Senegal	SEN	196.722	+	1905	1805	25
1905 All Species 1805 Indigenous Species 1805 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 25 Endemic Species 25 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 563 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1138 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 15 endemic) 100 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Enumeration des plantes vasculaires du Senegal (Lebrun 1973) Most recent flora Flore illustrée du Sénégal (Berhaut, ed., 1971-1988, incomplete); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Orchidaceae (van den Berghen). - In: Flore Illustree du Senegal, Vol. 9 (Berhault 1988)
more species list checklist	Gambia	GAM	11.295	o	1016	843	1
1016 All Species 843 Indigenous Species 843 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 14 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 245 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 558 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 173 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Gambian Biodiversity: A Provisional Checklist of all Species Recorded within the Gambia (Emms & Brummitt 2005) Most recent flora Flowering Plants of the Gambia (Jones 1994, only cursory overview) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Guinea-Bissau	GNB	36.125	++	1422	1341	4
1422 All Species 1341 Indigenous Species 1341 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 22 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 26 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 334 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 31 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 928 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 81 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) (Catarino et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora da Guiné-Bissau / Jardim e museu agrícola do Ultramar .. (7 vol., 1971-1983, incomplete); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Guinea [Conakry]	GUI	245.857	++	3120	2802	114
3120 All Species 2802 Indigenous Species 2802 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 114 Endemic Species 114 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 166 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 48 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 636 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 132 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1820 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 79 endemic) 318 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore de la République de Guinée (Lisowski 2009); Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée (Lisowski 2011); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Sierra Leone	SIE	71.740	o	2721	2584	55
2721 All Species 2584 Indigenous Species 2584 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 55 Endemic Species 55 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 138 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 64 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 577 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 157 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1648 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 137 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Liberia	LBR	99.067	o	2255	2189	85
2255 All Species 2189 Indigenous Species 2188 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 85 Endemic Species 85 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 191 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 65 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 382 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 148 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1403 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 69 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 66 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Über die Farne Liberias (Westafrika), ihr Vorkommen und ihre Verbreitung (Kunkel 1962) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Mali	MLI	1.240.192	++	1896	1788	5
1896 All Species 1788 Indigenous Species 1788 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 23 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 535 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 18 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1199 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic) 108 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali (Boudet et al. 1986) Most recent flora Flore Illustrée du Burkina Faso et du Mali (César et al. 2024) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)
more species list checklist	Burkina Faso	BKN	274.200	++	1767	1522	0
1767 All Species 1522 Indigenous Species 1522 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 16 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 497 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 981 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 245 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso (Lebrun et al. 1991); Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso (Thiombiano et al. 2012) Most recent flora Flore Illustrée du Burkina Faso et du Mali (César et al. 2024) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931);
more species list checklist	Ivory Coast	IVO	322.462	+	3559	3438	77
3559 All Species 3438 Indigenous Species 3438 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 77 Endemic Species 77 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 157 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 98 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 707 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 217 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 2259 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 60 endemic) 121 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flore de la Cote d'Ivoire: Catalogue systematique, biogeographie et ecologie (Ake-Assi 2001-2002) Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Les Orchidees de Cote d’Ivoire (Perez-Vera 2003)
more species list checklist	Ghana	GHA	238.500	o	3205	3047	42
3205 All Species 3047 Indigenous Species 3047 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 42 Endemic Species 42 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 156 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 70 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 686 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 160 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1974 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 32 endemic) 158 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A list of the Gold Coast Pteridophyta (Adams & Alston 1955); Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Togo	TOG	56.785	++	2217	2035	17
2217 All Species 2035 Indigenous Species 2034 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 17 Endemic Species 17 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 89 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 29 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 533 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 80 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1304 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 182 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore analytique du Togo (Brunel, ed., 1984); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Flore analytique du Togo (Brunel & Butzin 1985)
more species list checklist	Benin	BEN	112.622	++	2687	2278	13
2687 All Species 2278 Indigenous Species 2278 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13 Endemic Species 13 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 553 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 47 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1588 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic) 409 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore du Bénin (3 vols., Souza, ed., 2006-2009); Flore analytique du Benin (Akoegninou et al., eds., 2006); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Flora of Benin, Vol. 1 (Souza 1987); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Niger	NGR	1.267.000	o	848	814	2
848 All Species 814 Indigenous Species 814 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 15 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 244 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 547 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 34 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Niger (Fabrègues & Lebrun 1976) Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	Nigeria	NGA	923.768	o	4752	4610	94
4752 All Species 4610 Indigenous Species 4609 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 94 Endemic Species 94 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 195 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 118 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 930 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 288 Indigenous Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 3075 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 69 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 142 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Orchids of Nigeria (Segerbäck et al. 1983)
WEST CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA (23)
more species list checklist	Cameroon (Cameroun)	CMN	475.442	+	7287	6839	863
7287 All Species 6839 Indigenous Species 6839 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 863 Endemic Species 863 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 278 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 259 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 40 endemic) 1037 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 79 endemic) 412 Indigenous Orchids (of them 45 endemic) 4848 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 693 endemic) 448 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The vascular plants of Cameroon: a taxonomic checklist (Onana 2011) Most recent flora Flore du Cameroun (Aubreville et al., ed., 1963 - 2022, 44 vols., still incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore du Cameroun, Vol. 3 (Tardieu-Blot 1964); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953); The vascular plants of Cameroon: a taxonomic checklist (Onana 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.); Flore du Cameroun, Vol. 34-36: Orchidaceae 1-3 (Szlachetko & Olszewski 1998/2001)
more species list checklist	Bioko Isl. (Fernando Poo)	BIO	2.017	+	1941	1734	41
1941 All Species 1734 Indigenous Species 1734 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 41 Endemic Species 41 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 212 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 65 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 258 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 135 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1064 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic) 207 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Velayos, M. et al. (2013): Preliminary Checklist of vascular plants of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) Most recent flora Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial (Velayos, ed., 2008 ff., 7 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Pteridophyta of Bioko, Vol. 1-5 (Benl 1978-91) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Principe Isl.	PRI	146	+	526	407	20
526 All Species 407 Indigenous Species 407 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 20 Endemic Species 20 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 78 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 63 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 191 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic) 119 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated Catalogue of the flowering plants of Sao Tome and Principe (Figueiredo et al. 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Catalogue of the vascular plants of S. Tome etc. (Exell 1944); Checklist of the ferns of Sao Tome and Principe (Internet) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Guide des Orchidees de Sao Tome et Principe (Stevart & de Oliveira (2000)
more species list checklist	Sao Tomé	SAO	855	+	1139	841	90
1139 All Species 841 Indigenous Species 841 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 90 Endemic Species 90 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 146 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 9 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 19 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 109 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 103 Indigenous Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 463 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 55 endemic) 298 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated Catalogue of the flowering plants of Sao Tome and Principe (Figueiredo et al. 2011); Catalogue of the vascular plants of Sao Tome (Exell 1944/1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Checklist of the ferns of Sao Tome and Principe (Internet) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.); Guide des Orchidees de Sao Tome et Principe (Stevart & de Oliveira (2000)
more species list checklist	Annobon Isl.	ANN	17	+	338	263	13
338 All Species 263 Indigenous Species 263 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13 Endemic Species 13 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 47 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 47 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 25 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 138 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 75 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Velayos, M. et al. (2016): Checklist of the Vascular plants of Annobon (Equatorial Guinea); Catalogue of the vascular plants of Sao Tome (Exell 1944/1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Velayos, M. et al. (2014): Checklist of the Vascular plants of Annobon (Equatorial Guinea); Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial, Vol. 1 (Velayos et al. 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Equatorial Guinea (mainland [Rio Muni], excluding islands)	EQG	24.500	o	2097	2037	43
2097 All Species 2037 Indigenous Species 2037 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 43 Endemic Species 43 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 136 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 83 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 379 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 164 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1273 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 60 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of Equatorial Guinean Flora (Royal Jardin Botanico Madrid, Internet); some more checklists on family level Most recent flora Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial (Velayos, ed., 2008 ff., 7 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial, Vol. 1 (Velayos et al. 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Gabon	GAB	267.667	+	4787	4674	546
4787 All Species 4674 Indigenous Species 4674 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 546 Endemic Species 546 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 174 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 217 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 28 endemic) 590 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 39 endemic) 278 Indigenous Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 3413 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 456 endemic) 113 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Sosef et al. (2006): Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Most recent flora Flore du Gabon (Aubreville et al., eds., 1961-2024, 63 vols. published, almost complete); Plantes à Fleurs du Gabon (Field Guide, J. P. Vande Weghe et al.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore du Gabon, Vol. 8. Ptéridophytes (Tardieu-Blot 1964); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Congo [Brazzaville]	CON	342.000	+	4253	4102	72
4253 All Species 4102 Indigenous Species 4102 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 72 Endemic Species 72 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 209 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 166 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 729 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 166 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 2827 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 54 endemic) 151 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo (Sita & Moutsambote 1988); La flore des plantes vascularies de la Republique du Congo: nouvelles donnees (Lachenaud 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Central African Republic	CAF	622.436	+	3583	3380	94
3583 All Species 3380 Indigenous Species 3380 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 94 Endemic Species 94 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 114 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 99 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 597 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 158 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 2407 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 59 endemic) 203 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue de la flore de Centrafrique (Boulevert 1977-1984, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Catalogue de la flore de Centrafrique (Boulevert 1977); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Cabinda	CAB	7.823	o	496	494	40
496 All Species 494 Indigenous Species 494 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 40 Endemic Species 40 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 35 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 53 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 405 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic) 2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plants of Angola (Figueiredo & Smith 2008) [Checklist] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Conspectus florae angolensis: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	D.R. Congo (Zaire)	ZAI	2.344.885	+	8962	8740	1462
8962 All Species 8740 Indigenous Species 8740 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1462 Endemic Species 1462 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 324 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 14 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 189 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 25 endemic) 1313 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 176 endemic) 545 Indigenous Orchids (of them 53 endemic) 6355 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1195 endemic) 222 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2024, over 90% complete); Flora of Tropical East Africa (various volumes) - covers mountains in eastern part of the country Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of the Upper Katanga (Kornas et al. 2000); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Rwanda	RWA	26.338	+	2208	2160	66
2208 All Species 2160 Indigenous Species 2160 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 66 Endemic Species 66 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 198 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 26 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 398 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 203 Indigenous Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 1334 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 48 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2024, over 90% complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Checklist of Lycopodiopsida and Polypodiopsida of Rwanda (Fischer & Lobin 2023); Flora of Tropical East Africa (various volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
more species list checklist	Burundi	BUR	27.834	+	2085	2045	47
2085 All Species 2045 Indigenous Species 2045 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 47 Endemic Species 47 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 178 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 21 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 367 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 180 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 1297 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 33 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2024, over 90% complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985)) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA (24)
more species list checklist	Chad	CHA	1.284.000	++	2276	2046	19
2276 All Species 2046 Indigenous Species 2046 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 19 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 613 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1364 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 230 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis (Brundu 2013); Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Tchad meridional (Lebrun et al. 1972, with supplements 1976, 1977, 1986) Most recent flora Flore illustrée du Tchad (César & Chatelain 2019) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	Sudan	SUD	1.886.068	+	2152	2010	29
2152 All Species 2010 Indigenous Species 2010 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 29 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 168 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 531 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 12 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1287 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 19 endemic) 142 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Sudan and South Sudan (Darbyshire et al. 2015) Most recent flora The flowering plants of the anglo-aegyptian Sudan (Andrews 1950-1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and the fern-allies of the Sudan (Macleay 1953); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	South Sudan	SSU	619.745	+	2819	2713	38
2819 All Species 2713 Indigenous Species 2713 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 38 Endemic Species 38 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 41 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 657 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 73 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1935 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 106 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Sudan and South Sudan (Darbyshire et al. 2015); Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile (part 1: Catalogue, Friis & Vollesen 1998) Most recent flora The flowering plants of the anglo-aegyptian Sudan (Andrews 1950-1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and the fern-allies of the Sudan (Macleay 1953); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	Ethiopia	ETH	1.133.380	++	5073	4858	617
5073 All Species 4858 Indigenous Species 4858 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 617 Endemic Species 617 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 185 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 23 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1065 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 108 endemic) 168 Indigenous Orchids (of them 24 endemic) 3413 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 477 endemic) 215 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989 - 2009, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6 (Cribb & Thomas 1997)
more species list checklist	Eritrea	ERI	121.144	++	1584	1530	23
1584 All Species 1530 Indigenous Species 1530 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 23 Endemic Species 23 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 29 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 419 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 28 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1045 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 12 endemic) 54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989 - 2009, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6 (Cribb & Thomas 1997)
more species list checklist	Djibouti	DJI	23.200	++	625	589	10
625 All Species 589 Indigenous Species 589 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 10 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 13 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 129 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 441 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 36 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la République de Djibouti (Lebrun et al. 1990) Most recent flora Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti (Audru et al. 1994, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.)
more species list checklist	Somalia	SOM	637.700	++	2974	2910	738
2974 All Species 2910 Indigenous Species 2909 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 738 Endemic Species 738 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 24.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 40 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 564 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 108 endemic) 11 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2272 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 630 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 64 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The plants of Somalia: an overview and checklist (Kuchar 1986) Most recent flora Flora of Somalia (Thulin, ed., 4 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1 (Thulin, ed., 1993) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Pettersson). - In: Flora of Somalia, Vol. 4 (Thulin 1995)
more species list checklist	Soqotra (incl. Abd-al-Kuri Isl., Samha Isl.)	SOC	3.579	++	820	782	309
820 All Species 782 Indigenous Species 781 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 309 Endemic Species 308 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 37.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 28 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 164 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 583 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 280 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 38 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Ethnoflora of Soqotra (Miller & Morris 2004)
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA (25)
more species list checklist	Uganda	UGA	241.038	++	4613	4446	93
4613 All Species 4446 Indigenous Species 4445 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 93 Endemic Species 93 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 274 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 55 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 972 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 297 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2839 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 51 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 167 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile (part 1: Catalogue, Friis & Vollesen 1998) Most recent flora Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae: in Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989)
more species list checklist	Kenya	KEN	582.646	++	6344	6089	574
6344 All Species 6089 Indigenous Species 6088 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 574 Endemic Species 574 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 286 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 72 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 1274 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 100 endemic) 263 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 4186 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 447 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 255 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989); Orchids of Kenya (Stewart 1996)
more species list checklist	Tanzania (incl. Pemba Isl., Zanzibar)	TAN	945.268	++	9586	9291	1775
9586 All Species 9291 Indigenous Species 9291 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1775 Endemic Species 1775 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 407 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 134 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 48 endemic) 1775 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 194 endemic) 554 Indigenous Orchids (of them 100 endemic) 6410 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1404 endemic) 295 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989)
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA (26)
more species list checklist	Angola (excl. Cabinda)	ANG	1.238.877	+	6473	6216	1224
6473 All Species 6216 Indigenous Species 6216 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1224 Endemic Species 1224 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 203 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 78 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 1213 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 171 endemic) 212 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 4505 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1027 endemic) 257 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plants of Angola (Figueiredo & Smith 2008) [Checklist] Most recent flora Conspectus florae Angolensis (Fernandes et al., eds., 1937-1993, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A provisional checklist of the Orchidaceae of Angola (Schelpe 1976)
more species list checklist	Zambia	ZAM	752.614	++	6126	5906	434
6126 All Species 5906 Indigenous Species 5906 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 434 Endemic Species 434 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 177 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 55 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 1205 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 107 endemic) 404 Indigenous Orchids (of them 26 endemic) 4061 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 295 endemic) 220 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of Zambian vascular plants (Phiri 2005) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970); Distribution and ecology of the Pteridophytes in Zambia (Kornas 1978) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flora Zambesiaca (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98)
more species list checklist	Malawi	MLW	118.484	++	4418	4315	168
4418 All Species 4315 Indigenous Species 4315 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 168 Endemic Species 168 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 237 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 35 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 825 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 32 endemic) 410 Indigenous Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 2801 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 117 endemic) 103 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in Flora Zambesiaca (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98)
more species list checklist	Zimbabwe	ZIM	390.759	++	5551	5104	247
5551 All Species 5104 Indigenous Species 5103 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 247 Endemic Species 247 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 277 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 41 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 961 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 41 endemic) 346 Indigenous Orchids (of them 18 endemic) 3471 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 184 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 447 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants (Mapaura 2004) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Zambesiaca: Orchidaceae (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98); A list of orchids indigenous in Rhodesia (Grosvenor 1976)
more species list checklist	Mozambique	MOZ	799.380	++	5583	5146	319
5583 All Species 5146 Indigenous Species 5146 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 319 Endemic Species 319 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 229 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 60 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 825 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 33 endemic) 209 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 3804 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 270 endemic) 437 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique (da Silva et al. 2004) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published); Flora de Mocambique (A. Fernandes, ed., 79 vols. published until 1980, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A Provisional Check-List of the Orchidaceae of Mozambique (Schelpe 1976)
SOUTH AFRICA (27)
more species list checklist	Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip)	NAM	824.269	++	4083	3890	686
4083 All Species 3890 Indigenous Species 3887 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 686 Endemic Species 685 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 63 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 938 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 135 endemic) 17 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2854 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 549 endemic) 3 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 193 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of Namibian Indigenous and Naturalised Plants (Klaassen & Kwembeya 2013); List of Namibian Plant Species (Kolberg et al. 1992) Most recent flora Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrica (Merxmüller 1966-1972, 167 families published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika, Lfg. 26 (Merxmüller, ed., 1969)
more species list checklist	Botswana	BOT	581.730	++	2639	2515	18
2639 All Species 2515 Indigenous Species 2515 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 51 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 676 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 27 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1745 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 124 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana (Setshogo 2005) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1970); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Zambesiaca: Orchidaceae (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98); Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist	South Africa	SAF	1.219.090	+	20384	19408	13249
20384 All Species 19408 Indigenous Species 19386 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13249 Endemic Species 13241 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 65 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 277 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 37 endemic) 45 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 31 endemic) 42 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 4633 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3218 endemic) 474 Indigenous Orchids (of them 266 endemic) 13937 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 9691 endemic) 22 Microspecies (of them 8 endemic) 976 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993) Most recent flora Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete); A Flora of the eastern Cape (C. L. Bredenkamp, ed., 3 vols., 2019, complete); Many major monographs in the Series "Strelitzia". Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (2 vols., Manning & Goldblatt 2012). Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist	Lesotho	LES	30.355	+	1788	1634	35
1788 All Species 1634 Indigenous Species 1632 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 35 Endemic Species 35 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 89 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 436 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 62 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1045 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 27 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 154 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993) Most recent flora Flora of Lesotho (Basutoland) (Guillarmod 1971); Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist	Eswatini [Swaziland]	SWZ	17.363	+	2820	2667	41
2820 All Species 2667 Indigenous Species 2667 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 41 Endemic Species 41 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 109 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 648 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 91 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1789 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 28 endemic) 153 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993) Most recent flora Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Flora of Swaziland: Orchidaceae (Compton 1976)
MIDDLE ATLANTIC OCEAN (28)
more species list checklist	Ascension Isl.	ASC	88	++	257	35	13
257 All Species 35 Indigenous Species 35 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13 Endemic Species 13 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 17 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 11 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 7 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) 222 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flowering Plants & Ferns of Ascension Isl. (Lambdon et al. 2023) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
more species list checklist	St. Helena	STH	122	++	490	99	51
490 All Species 99 Indigenous Species 99 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 51 Endemic Species 51 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 30 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 14 endemic) 27 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 42 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic) 391 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist St. Helena: Checklist of endemic & indigenous plants (Clifton 1996) Most recent flora Flowering Plants & Ferns of St. Helena (Lambdon 2013); The Endemic Flora of St. Helena (Cronk 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
INDIAN OCEAN (29)
more species list checklist	Madagascar	MDG	587.041	+	12256	11841	9933
12256 All Species 11841 Indigenous Species 11840 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9933 Endemic Species 9933 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 81 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 720 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 383 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 364 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 343 endemic) 1565 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1038 endemic) 943 Indigenous Orchids (of them 815 endemic) 8242 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7349 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 415 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar (www.tropicos.org) Most recent flora Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (H. Humbert, ed., 1937 ff., almost complete in ca. 180 volumes, but partially outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The orchids of Madagascar: annotated checklist (Du Puy et al. 1999); Orchids of Madagascar, ed. 2 (Hermans 2007)
more species list checklist	Comores (incl. Mayotte)	COM	1.862	o	1060	997	219
1060 All Species 997 Indigenous Species 997 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 219 Endemic Species 219 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 20.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 168 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 11 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 22 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 165 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 89 Indigenous Orchids (of them 32 endemic) 552 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 142 endemic) 63 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (H. Humbert, ed., 1937 ff., almost complete in ca. 180 volumes, but partially outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The orchids of Madagascar: annotated checklist (Du Puy et al. 1999); Orchids of Madagascar, ed. 2 (Hermans 2007)
more species list checklist	Mozambique Channel Isl. (Îles Eparses p. p., incl. Île Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.)	MCI	36	+	169	85	1
169 All Species 85 Indigenous Species 84 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 63 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 84 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated account of the vascular flora of the Îles Eparses (Boullet et al. 2018) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997)
more species list checklist	Mauritius (incl. Tromelin Isl., Cargados Carajos Isl.)	MAU	2.040	++	1959	1027	289
1959 All Species 1027 Indigenous Species 1027 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 289 Endemic Species 289 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 204 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 15 endemic) 24 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic) 226 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 36 endemic) 92 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 481 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 215 endemic) 932 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Cargados Carajos Isl.: Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands [only very few data for Agalega] Most recent flora Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2023, 28 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore des Mascareignes, 2 volumes for Orchidaceae (Hermans & Cribb 2023)
more species list checklist	La Réunion	REU	2.503	++	1817	1002	248
1817 All Species 1002 Indigenous Species 1002 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 248 Endemic Species 248 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 13.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 255 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 24 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 190 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 167 Indigenous Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 373 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 138 endemic) 815 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2023, 28 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore des Mascareignes, 2 volumes for Orchidaceae (Hermans & Cribb 2023)
more species list checklist	Rodrigues Isl.	ROD	109	++	435	225	49
435 All Species 225 Indigenous Species 225 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 49 Endemic Species 49 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 72 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 114 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 37 endemic) 210 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2023, 28 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore des Mascareignes, 2 volumes for Orchidaceae (Hermans & Cribb 2023)
more species list checklist	Agalega Isl.	AGA	24	o	126	52	0
126 All Species 52 Indigenous Species 52 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 5 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 74 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands [only very few data for Agalega] Most recent flora Bouton, M. L. (1871): Lettre de l'Île Agalega par Bojer... - Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, New Ser. 5: 132-140.
more species list checklist	Îles Glorieuses (Îles Eparses p. p.)	IGL	7	+	129	63	0
129 All Species 63 Indigenous Species 62 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 5 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 66 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated account of the vascular flora of the Îles Eparses (Boullet et al. 2018) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Fougères des Mascareignes et des Seychelles (Tardieu-Blot 1960)
more species list checklist	Aldabra (incl. Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl., St. Pierre Isl., Providence Isl., Farquhar Isl.)	ALD	155	+	241	193	22
241 All Species 193 Indigenous Species 192 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 22 Endemic Species 22 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 59 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 127 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 48 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands Most recent flora Flora of Aldabra (Hemsley 1919)
more species list checklist	Seychelles (also including outlier islands: Remire Isl., Desroches Isl., Darros Isl., Coetivy Isl.)	SEY	300	+	810	405	81
810 All Species 405 Indigenous Species 405 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 81 Endemic Species 81 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 91 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 121 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 19 endemic) 22 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 165 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 43 endemic) 405 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Outlier Islands: Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands Most recent flora Flore des Seychelles: dicotyledones (Friedmann 1994); Flowering Plants of Seychelles (Robertson 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Les Fougères des Mascareignes et des Seychelles (Tardieu-Blot 1960); Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia)	CGS	30	++	181	68	2
181 All Species 68 Indigenous Species 68 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 42 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 113 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated checklist of the flora of Diego Garcia (Topp 1988)
TEMPERATE ASIA (3)
SIBERIA (30)
more species list checklist	Siberia (incl. Altay, Sayan, Tuva, Krasnoyarsk, Buryatia, Chita, Transbaikalia, Yakutia, Irkutsk, NE-Siberia)	SIB	10.600.000	+	4911	4641	710
4911 All Species 4641 Indigenous Species 4415 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 710 Endemic Species 639 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 13 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 98 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 10 endemic) 24 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 955 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 112 endemic) 45 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3511 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 587 endemic) 226 Microspecies (of them 71 endemic) 270 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007, Checklist) Most recent flora Flora of the USSR / chief ed. V. L. Komarov (30 vols., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff., 3 vols. published); Flora of Siberia (Malychev, ed., 2000 ff., 14 vols., to be continued); Vascular Plants of the Russian Far East (Kharkevich, ed., 2003 ff., 1 vol. published); numerous regional floras (in Russian) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968)
RUSSIAN FAR EAST (31)
more species list checklist	Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Amur, Ussuri, Okhotsk, Kuril Isl., Kamchatka, Commander Isl., Primorye, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Wrangell Isl.)	RFE	2.500.000	+	4327	3696	637
4327 All Species 3696 Indigenous Species 3680 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 637 Endemic Species 631 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 144 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 23 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 931 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 144 endemic) 66 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 2517 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 481 endemic) 16 Microspecies (of them 6 endemic) 631 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007, Checklist) Most recent flora Flora of the USSR / chief ed. V. L. Komarov (30 vols., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff., 3 vols. published); Flora of Siberia (Malychev, ed., 2000 ff., 14 vols., to be continued); Vascular Plants of the Russian Far East (Kharkevich, ed., 2003 ff., 1 vol. published); Flora murmanskoj oblasti (Kirova, 5 vols., 1953-1966); Flora i paleogeografija Komandoskikh ostrovov (Vasil'ev 1957); Plants of the Kuril Islands (Takahashi 2015); numerous regional floras (in Russian) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968)
MIDDLE ASIA (32)
more species list checklist	Kazakhstan	KAZ	2.717.300	+	5384	5188	556
5384 All Species 5188 Indigenous Species 5130 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 556 Endemic Species 547 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 59 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 887 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 70 endemic) 24 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 4188 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 486 endemic) 58 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 196 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants of Kazakhstan (Abdulina 1999) Most recent flora Flora Kazakhstana (Pavlov, etc., 1956-1966, 9 vols., complete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Kazakhstan SSR (Kuznetzov & Pavlov 1958); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist	Turkmenistan	TKM	488.100	+	2944	2749	203
2944 All Species 2749 Indigenous Species 2739 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 203 Endemic Species 202 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 501 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 16 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2197 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 179 endemic) 10 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 195 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora Turkmenii (Fedtschenko et al., eds., 7 vols., 1932-60); Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2010); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Opredelitelja Rastenii Turkmenistana (Key to the Plants of Turkmenistan) (Nikitin & Geldichanov 1988) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) (Kopet Dagh only)
more species list checklist	Uzbekistan	UZB	447.700	o	4409	3988	280
4409 All Species 3988 Indigenous Species 3970 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 280 Endemic Species 280 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 20 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 732 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 60 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3207 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 220 endemic) 18 Microspecies (of them endemic) 421 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Sennikov et al. (Checklist, in prep.) Most recent flora Flora of Uzbekistan (Sennikov, ed., 3 vols. published, 2017-2019), Flora Uzbekistana (Schreder et al., eds., 1953-62, 6 vols., complete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Uzbekistana, Vol. 1 (Schreder et al. 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae (Czerniakowska). - In: Flora Uzbekistanica I (Schreiber, ed., 1941); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist	Kyrgyzstan (Kirgisia)	KGZ	198.500	+	3996	3861	316
3996 All Species 3861 Indigenous Species 3830 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 316 Endemic Species 315 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 673 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 48 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3125 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 268 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 135 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan (Lazkov & Sultanova 2011) Most recent flora Flora Kirghiszkoj SSR (11 vols., 1950-1965, complete), Flora Kirghiszkoj SSR (new version, Vykhotsev, ed., 1967-70, incomplete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Kirgistan III (Shishkin & Vvedensky 1951); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist	Tajikistan	TZK	143.100	o	4819	4505	534
4819 All Species 4505 Indigenous Species 4485 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 534 Endemic Species 531 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 30 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 752 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 58 endemic) 12 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3693 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 476 endemic) 20 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 314 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas (Nowak & Nobis 2020, only about 30% of species covered); Flora Tadzikskoj SSR (Ovchinnikov et al., ed., 1957 - 1991, complete, 10 vols.); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Tadjikskoj SSSR, Vol. 1 (Ovchinnikov 1957) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Tadshikistan (Ovchinnikov 1963); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
CAUCASUS (33)
more species list checklist	Northern Caucasus (incl. Chechnya, Daghestan, etc.)	NCS	200.000	+	4187	3944	401
4187 All Species 3944 Indigenous Species 3842 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 401 Endemic Species 364 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 75 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 744 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic) 48 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3055 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 365 endemic) 102 Microspecies (of them 37 endemic) 243 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published) Most recent flora Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orkhidei nachei strany (Vakhrameeva et al. 1991)
more species list checklist	Gruziya [Georgia - Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia, Adzharia)	GEO	69.700	+	4007	3730	244
4007 All Species 3730 Indigenous Species 3617 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 244 Endemic Species 206 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 78 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 679 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 51 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2901 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 226 endemic) 113 Microspecies (of them 38 endemic) 277 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Georgia - A Nomenclatural Checklist (Gagnidze 2005); Conspectus Flora Kavkaza (Takhtajan 2003-2012, 4 of 5 vols. published) Most recent flora Flora Gruzii (in Georgian) (1971-2007, 15 vols., complete); Flora Abhazii (Kolakovskij, 1980-1986, 4 vols.), Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Illustrated Field Guide to the Flora of Georgia (South Caucasus) (Fischer et al. 2018); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular Plants of Georgia - A Nomenclatural Checklist (Gagnidze 2005)
more species list checklist	Armenia	ARM	29.800	+	3529	3444	153
3529 All Species 3444 Indigenous Species 3381 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 153 Endemic Species 144 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 47 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 640 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 18 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2703 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 135 endemic) 63 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 85 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Flora of Armenia (Saghatelyan, unpubl.); Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published) Most recent flora Flora Armenii (ed. A. L. Tahtadzjiana) (11 vols., complete, 1954-2011); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [S-Aserbaidshan, Talysh-Region]
more species list checklist	Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh, incl. Nakhichevan)	AZE	81.100	+	3769	3600	134
3769 All Species 3600 Indigenous Species 3551 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 134 Endemic Species 131 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 717 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2768 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 118 endemic) 49 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 169 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published) Most recent flora Flora Azerbaidzana (2 vols. published, 1953-1957); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [Talysh region only]; Orchidaceae (Karjagin). - In: Flora of Aserbaidshan II (1952)
WESTERN ASIA (34)
more species list checklist	Eastern Aegaean Islands (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Ikaria, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Symi, Chalki, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kasos)	EAI	7.000	++	2416	2207	80
2416 All Species 2207 Indigenous Species 2180 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 80 Endemic Species 78 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 35 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 439 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 65 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 1645 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 61 endemic) 27 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 209 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016); Atlas of the Hellenic Flora (Strid 2024); Checklist of Greece (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, 2016); Checklist updating and analysis of the flora of Symi island and of the nearby island of Seskli (Cattaneo & Grano 2019) Most recent flora Flora Hellenica (Strid & Kit Tan, eds., 1997 ff.); Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000); Flora von Rhodos and Chalki (Kleinsteuber et al., vol. 1, 2016) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen von Kreta und Karpathos (Alibertis 1997); Orchideen auf Rhodos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001); Orchideen auf Kreta, Karpathos & Kasos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001)
more species list checklist	Turkey (excl. European Turkey)	TUR	756.816	++	10119	9912	3919
10119 All Species 9912 Indigenous Species 9757 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3919 Endemic Species 3861 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 38.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 89 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 32 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 1673 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 628 endemic) 98 Indigenous Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 8000 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3254 endemic) 155 Microspecies (of them 58 endemic) 207 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000, 9 vols. + 2 supplement volumes, complete); Flowers of Turkey - A photo guide (Pils 2006) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen der Türkei (Kreutz 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey, Vol. 11 (Supplement (Kreutz 2000); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982)
more species list checklist	Iraq	IRQ	438.317	+	3030	2975	189
3030 All Species 2975 Indigenous Species 2962 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 189 Endemic Species 186 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 18 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 561 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 20 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2364 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 173 endemic) 13 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 55 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Iraq (1966-2019, almost complete); Flora of Lowland Iraq (Rechinger, ed., 1964) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Iraq, Vol. 8 (Wood 1985)
more species list checklist	Iran	IRN	1.648.000	++	8076	7994	2834
8076 All Species 7994 Indigenous Species 7932 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2834 Endemic Species 2809 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 34.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 1053 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 207 endemic) 46 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 6807 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2618 endemic) 62 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 82 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2015, 181 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978)
more species list checklist	Afghanistan	AFG	652.225	++	4397	4283	892
4397 All Species 4283 Indigenous Species 4275 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 892 Endemic Species 892 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 20.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 22 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 714 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 62 endemic) 14 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3481 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 830 endemic) 8 Microspecies (of them endemic) 114 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of Afghanistan: an augmented checklist (Breckle et al. 2013); Checklist of the Flowering plants of Afghanistan (Podlech 2012) Most recent flora Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2015, 181 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978)
more species list checklist	Cyprus	CYP	9.251	++	1716	1623	141
1716 All Species 1623 Indigenous Species 1608 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 141 Endemic Species 135 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 25 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 321 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1226 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 110 endemic) 15 Microspecies (of them 6 endemic) 93 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 1/2 (Meikle 1977, 1985); An Illustrated Flora of North Cyprus, Vol. 2 (Viney 1996); Illustrated Flora of Cyprus (Christofides 2017, field guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Orchidaceae (J. J. Wood). - In: Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 2 (Meikle 1985); Orchids of Cyprus (Morschek & Morschek 1996)
more species list checklist	Lebanon	LEB	10.230	++	2722	2646	138
2722 All Species 2646 Indigenous Species 2634 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 138 Endemic Species 133 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 36 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 474 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2084 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 112 endemic) 12 Microspecies (of them 5 endemic) 76 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Illustrated Flora of Lebanon (G. & H. Tolme, 2007-2014, 2 vols.); Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie (Mouterde, 1966/1970, 2 vols. text + 2 vols. atlas) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie I (Mouterde 1966); Die Orchideen der Levante (Fragman & Kretzschmar, in prep.)
more species list checklist	Syria	SYR	185.180	++	2917	2868	105
2917 All Species 2868 Indigenous Species 2859 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 105 Endemic Species 105 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 24 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 484 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 37 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2301 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 76 endemic) 9 Microspecies (of them endemic) 49 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie (Mouterde, 1966/1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, Vol. I (Mouterde 1966); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982)
more species list checklist	Israel + Palestine	ISR	21.946	++	2465	2348	78
2465 All Species 2348 Indigenous Species 2342 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 78 Endemic Species 76 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 477 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 19 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1803 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 57 endemic) 6 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 117 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist and ecological data-base of the Flora of Israel (Fragman et al. 1999) Most recent flora Flora Palaestina (4 + 4 vols., 1966-1987, complete), Analytical Flora of Eretz-Israel (Feinbrun-Dothan & Danin 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Annotated List of the Orchids of Israel (Dafni et al. 1986); Orchids of Israel (Dafni 1981); Flora Palestina, pt. IV (Feinbrun-Dothan 1986)
more species list checklist	Sinai peninsula	SIN	61.000	++	1343	1303	36
1343 All Species 1303 Indigenous Species 1303 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 264 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1022 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 35 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Egypt (Boulos, ed., 1999-2005) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Flora of Egypt, Vol. 1: Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae (Boulos 1999)
more species list checklist	Jordania	JOR	89.556	+	1640	1608	31
1640 All Species 1608 Indigenous Species 1604 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 31 Endemic Species 31 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 278 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1300 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them endemic) 32 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The Plants of Jordan. An annotated Checklist (Taifour & El-Oqlah 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Jordan (Al-Eisawi 1986)
ARABIAN PENINSULA (35)
more species list checklist	Saudi Arabia	SAU	2.240.000	+	2142	2043	92
2142 All Species 2043 Indigenous Species 2043 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 92 Endemic Species 92 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 407 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 5 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1588 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 70 endemic) 99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Saudi-Arabia (3 vols., 3rd ed., Migahid 1988-1989); Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (3 vols. in 5 parts, Chaudhary, ed., 2001-2007); Flora of Eastern Saudi-Arabia (Mandaville 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986); Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.), Vol. 6 (Heller & Heyn 1991); Flora of Eastern Saudi-Arabia (MANDAVILLE 1990); Orchidaceae, in: Flora of Saudi-Arabia, 3. Aufl. (MIGAHID 1989)
more species list checklist	Kuwait	KUW	17.820	++	446	430	1
446 All Species 430 Indigenous Species 430 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 93 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 334 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 16 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Flora of Kuwait (Boulos & Al-Dosari 1994) Most recent flora Flora of Kuwait (2 vols., 1985-1987, complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published)
more species list checklist	Bahrain	BAR	707	+	345	311	0
345 All Species 311 Indigenous Species 311 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 243 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 34 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of vascular plants of Bahrain (El-Oqlah & Abbas 1994) Most recent flora Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	Qatar	QAT	11.427	++	439	337	0
439 All Species 337 Indigenous Species 337 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 83 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 252 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 102 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar (Norton et al. 2009) Most recent flora The Flora of Qatar (2 vols., Abd el Bary & Ekhlas 2012); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	United Arab Emirates (incl. Dubai, Abu Dhabi)	UAE	83.600	+	782	708	0
782 All Species 708 Indigenous Species 708 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 156 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 539 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 74 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated Check-list for Plants in the U.A.E. (Jongbloed 2000) Most recent flora Flora of the United Arab Emirates (Karim & Fawzi 2007, 2 vols., complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published); The Comprehensive Guide to the Wildflowers of the United Arab Emirates (Jongbloed 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	Oman	OMA	309.500	++	1131	1077	94
1131 All Species 1077 Indigenous Species 1077 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 94 Endemic Species 94 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 18 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 224 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 817 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 81 endemic) 54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman (Ghazanfar 1992) Most recent flora Flora of the Sultanate of Oman (Ghazanfar et al., 4 vols. 2003-2018, complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	Yemen (excl. Soqotra)	YEM	527.970	+	2072	1962	214
2072 All Species 1962 Indigenous Species 1962 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 214 Endemic Species 214 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 43 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 428 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 19 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1456 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 191 endemic) 110 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora A handbook of the Yemen Flora (Wood & Haig-Thomas 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
CHINA (36)
more species list checklist	China (incl. Hongkong, Macao and Hainan; excl. Tibet, Taiwan and South China Sea Isl.)	CHI	8.351.300	++	31807	30730	15598
31807 All Species 30730 Indigenous Species 30656 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 15598 Endemic Species 15543 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 48.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2052 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 692 endemic) 190 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 81 endemic) 979 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 569 endemic) 4511 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2091 endemic) 1414 Indigenous Orchids (of them 511 endemic) 21584 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11654 endemic) 74 Microspecies (of them 55 endemic) 1077 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete, plus 23 picture volumes); Higher Plants of China in Colour (2016, 8 vols.). Many regional floras in Chinese Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Native Orchids of China in Colour (Singchi = Xinqi et al. 1998)
more species list checklist	Tibet [Xizang]	TIB	1.220.000	++	6985	6926	1142
6985 All Species 6926 Indigenous Species 6913 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1142 Endemic Species 1141 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 535 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 28 endemic) 51 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 94 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 17 endemic) 853 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 77 endemic) 316 Indigenous Orchids (of them 45 endemic) 5077 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 970 endemic) 13 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 59 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete, plus 23 picture volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Native Orchids of China in Colour (Singchi = Xinqi et al. 1998)
MONGOLIA (37)
more species list checklist	Mongolia	MON	1.566.500	+	2896	2848	153
2896 All Species 2848 Indigenous Species 2829 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 153 Endemic Species 151 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 22 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 538 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 25 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2211 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 143 endemic) 19 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 48 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014); Flora of Mongolia: annotated checklist of native vascular plants (Baasanmunkh et al. 2022) Most recent flora Flora of Mongolia (2009 ff., only 3 vols. published, very incomplete); Key to the Vascular Plants of Mongolia (Grubov 1982); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 1 (Grubov 1963 [transl. 1999]); Flowers of Mongolia (Hauck & Solongo 2010)
EASTERN ASIA (38)
more species list checklist	North Korea	NKO	120.500	++	1958	1940	31
1958 All Species 1940 Indigenous Species 1940 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 31 Endemic Species 31 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 104 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 517 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 44 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1242 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 24 endemic) 18 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (KPF) (Chang et al. 2014) Most recent flora Coloured flora of Korea (Lee 2003, e vols.); Flora of Korea (C.-W. Park, ed., 2015 ff., 12 vols. published); Flora coreana (Im Rok Jae, 1996-2000, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Illustrated Flora of Korea (Lee 1985)
more species list checklist	South Korea (incl. Cheju Do Isl.)	KOR	99.300	++	3030	2400	189
3030 All Species 2400 Indigenous Species 2399 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 189 Endemic Species 188 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 247 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 38 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 566 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 37 endemic) 88 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 1443 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 133 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 630 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (KPF) (Chang et al. 2014) Most recent flora Coloured flora of Korea (Lee 2003, e vols.); Flora of Korea (C.-W. Park, ed., 2015 ff., 12 vols. published); Flora coreana (Im Rok Jae, 1996-2000, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Illustrated Flora of Korea (Lee 1985)
more species list checklist	Japan (incl. Izu Isl., Yakushima Isl., excl. Ryukyu Isl. and Bonin Isl.)	JAP	372.769	++	5301	4856	1561
5301 All Species 4856 Indigenous Species 4851 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1561 Endemic Species 1560 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 29.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 636 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 79 endemic) 40 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 16 endemic) 95 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 48 endemic) 1111 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 324 endemic) 209 Indigenous Orchids (of them 42 endemic) 2765 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1052 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 445 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Enumeration of the Vascular Plants of Japan (Yonekura 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Japan (revised edition, Iwatsuki et al., eds., 4 vols. in 8 parts, 1995-2020, complete)
more species list checklist	Ryukyu Isl. (Nansei Shoto) (incl. Osumi Isl., Tokara Isl., Amami Isl., Okinawa Isl., Daito Isl., Sakishima Isl.)	NNS	4.700	++	2116	1862	175
2116 All Species 1862 Indigenous Species 1862 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 175 Endemic Species 175 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 319 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 11 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 58 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 22 endemic) 412 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic) 138 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 922 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 100 endemic) 254 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Okinawa and the Southern Ryukyu Islands (Walker 1976) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Islands (Garay & Sweet 1974) [incl. checklist of northern Ryukyu Isl.]
more species list checklist	Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Isl.)	OGA	73	++		0
All Species 0 Indigenous Species 0 Indigenous Species except Microspecies Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) Most recent checklist A revised list of vascular plants indigenous and introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands (Kobayashi & Ono 1987) Most recent flora Flora of the Bonin Islands (Toyoda 1981)
more species list checklist	Kazan-Retto (Volcano Isl., Iwo-jima)	KZN	30	++	252	187	40
252 All Species 187 Indigenous Species 187 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 40 Endemic Species 40 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 15.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 54 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 46 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 77 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 65 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A revised list of vascular plants indigenous and introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands (Kobayashi & Ono 1987) Most recent flora Flora of the Bonin Islands (Toyoda 1981)
more species list checklist	Taiwan (incl. Lan Yu Isl.)	TAI	36.000	++	5795	4737	1385
5795 All Species 4737 Indigenous Species 4733 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1385 Endemic Species 1381 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 769 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 82 endemic) 28 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 15 endemic) 133 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 54 endemic) 742 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 144 endemic) 429 Indigenous Orchids (of them 153 endemic) 2636 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 937 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 1058 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Taiwan (Li et al., eds., 6 vols., 1975-2003); Illustrated Flora of Taiwan (Zhong, 8 vols. in 9 parts, until 2019, complete); Grass Flora of Taiwan (C.-H. Chen et al., 2011-2018, 3 vols.); Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Updating Taiwanese pteridophyte checklist (Taiwan Pteridophyte Group 2019); Index to Ferns and Fern Allies of Taiwan (Knapp 2014); Ferns of Taiwan (Ralf Knapp 2010, with supplement 2013); Flora of China, vol. 2/3 (2013); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 1-6, 1990 ff.); Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 1 (2nd. ed., 1994); Ferns of Taiwan (Chengmeng 2020, 2 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Flora of Taiwan (Li et al., 1975-79); Native Orchids of Taiwan (Lin 1975-1987, 3 vols.)
TROPICAL ASIA (4)
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT (40)
more species list checklist	Pakistan	PAK	796.095	+	5328	4726	307
5328 All Species 4726 Indigenous Species 4717 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 307 Endemic Species 304 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 147 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 25 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 874 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 24 endemic) 41 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3626 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 281 endemic) 9 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 602 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir (Stewart 1972) Most recent flora Flora of [West] Pakistan (Nasir, ed., 1970-2012, 219 vols., mostly complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [only northern and western part]; Flora of Pakistan, no. 164 (Renz 1984)
more species list checklist	Nepal	NEP	147.181	+	6190	5826	348
6190 All Species 5826 Indigenous Species 5810 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 348 Endemic Species 344 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 569 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 24 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 86 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 897 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 41 endemic) 379 Indigenous Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 3871 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 279 endemic) 16 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 364 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Handbook of Nepalese Flowering Plants (Rajbhandari et al. 2017-2023) (new version of checklist, 4 of 5 vols. published); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas: Preliminary Catalogue (Y.-S. Chen et al. 2019) Most recent flora Flora of Nepal, Web edition (publication ongoing, Watson et al., ed., 2011); Flora of Nepal (Bista, ed., 1997 ff., few parts published); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 of 50 volumes published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2015-2020): Ferns and Fern-allies of Nepal, Volume 1-3 (complete); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997); An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal (Press, Shrestha & Sutton 2001); The Orchids of Nepal Himalaya (Banerji & Pradhan 1984); Orchids of Nepal (Banerji 1978)
more species list checklist	Bhutan	BHU	47.000	++	5043	4751	183
5043 All Species 4751 Indigenous Species 4743 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 183 Endemic Species 181 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 544 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 23 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 107 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 680 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 389 Indigenous Orchids (of them 24 endemic) 3008 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 138 endemic) 8 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 292 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of the Pan-Himalayas: Preliminary Catalogue (Y.-S. Chen et al. 2019) Most recent flora Flora of Bhutan (Grierson & Long, eds., 1983-2002, 9 vols., complete); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 volumes published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Bhutan (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2009); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 3.3 (Orchidaceae) (2001)
more species list checklist	India (incl. Assam, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Chumbi, Jammu & Kashmir, excl. Andaman and Nicobar Isl., excl. Lakshadweep Isl.)	IND	3.279.173	+	19074	17286	5067
19074 All Species 17286 Indigenous Species 17237 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5067 Endemic Species 5040 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 26.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1071 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 69 endemic) 60 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 14 endemic) 490 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 238 endemic) 3131 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1009 endemic) 1196 Indigenous Orchids (of them 303 endemic) 11338 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3434 endemic) 49 Microspecies (of them 27 endemic) 1788 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete); Checklist of the Grasses of India (Kellogg et al. 2020) Most recent flora Flora of India (Sharma et al., eds., 1993 ff., 11 of 24 vols. published); Fascicles of Flora of India (1978 ff., 30 vols. published); almost 100 regional floras in India (Botanical Survey of India and others); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 volumes published); Flora of Eastern Ghats (Pullaiah et al., 2002 ff., 7 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018), Part III (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997); Illustrated Manual of Ferns of Assam (Borthakur et al. 2000); The Ferns of India: Enumeration, Synonyms and Distribution (Chandra 2000); Fern flora of South India (Nampy & Madhusoodanan 1998); An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A catalogue of Indian Orchids (Sathish Kumar & Manilal 1994); Orchid flora of Arunachal Pradesh (Chowdhery 1998); Orchids of India (2nd ed.) (Bose et al. 1999); Orchids of Kumaon Himalaya (Pangtey et al. 1991); Orchids of Meghalaya (Kataki 1986); Orchids of Mussoorie (Raizada et al. 1981); Orchids of Nagaland (Deorani & Naithani 1995); Orchids of Nagaland (Hynniewta et al. 2000); Orchids of Nilgiris (2nd. ed., Joseph 1987); Orchids of Western Ghats (Kumar 1995); Flora of Hassan District Karnataka (Saldanha et al. 1976); The Orchids of Bombay (Santapau & Kapadia 1966); The Orchid Flora of NW-Himalaya (Deva & Naithani 1986); Monocotyledonous Plants of Uttar Pradesh: A Checklist (Uniyal et al. 1999)
more species list checklist	Lakshadweep Isl. (Laccadives)	LDV	32	+	395	227	0
395 All Species 227 Indigenous Species 227 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 62 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 156 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 168 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Plant Diversity of Lakshadweep Islands (C. S. Reddy & P. S. Roy 2012)
more species list checklist	Maldives	MDV	298	o	374	188	0
374 All Species 188 Indigenous Species 188 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 50 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 130 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 186 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist List of Addu vascular plants (Fosberg et al. 1966) Most recent flora The botany of the Maldive Islands (Willis & Gardiner 1901); Common Plants of Maldives (Sujanapal & Sankaran 2016); Trees and shrubs of the Maldives (Selvam 2007)
more species list checklist	Sri Lanka	SRL	65.610	++	4336	3642	932
4336 All Species 3642 Indigenous Species 3641 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 932 Endemic Species 932 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 21.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 342 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 43 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 115 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 53 endemic) 733 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 111 endemic) 198 Indigenous Orchids (of them 68 endemic) 2251 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 657 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 694 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon (Dassayanake, ed., 1980-2006, 15 vols. in 16 parts plus Index, complete); Illustrated Field Guide to the Flowers of Sri Lanka (Vlas & Vlas-deJong, 2008-2019, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, vol. 15/1-2 (Shaffer-Fehre, ed., 2006); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); An annotated check-list of the Pteridophytes of Ceylon (Sledge 1982) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae, Apostasiaceae (Jayaweera). In: A Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon, Vol. 2 (Dassanayake, ed., 1981)
more species list checklist	Bangladesh	BAN	147.570	o	4839	4080	36
4839 All Species 4080 Indigenous Species 4080 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 219 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 175 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 809 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 285 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2584 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 16 endemic) 759 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Bangladesh (Khan, ed., 1975 ff., 63 vols. published); Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, vols. 5-12 (Ahmed, ed., 2007-2009, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, vol. 5 (2007) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Bangladesh, vol. ##
INDOCHINA (41)
more species list checklist	Andaman Isl.	AND	6.496	+	2180	1797	161
2180 All Species 1797 Indigenous Species 1797 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 161 Endemic Species 161 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 81 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 102 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic) 300 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 133 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 1173 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 107 endemic) 383 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Checklist, Dagar & Singh 1999); Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete) Most recent flora Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hajra et al., eds., 1999/2023, 2 vols. published, ?complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); Pteridophytes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Dixit 2001)
more species list checklist	Nicobar Isl.	NCB	1.800	+	1526	1248	71
1526 All Species 1248 Indigenous Species 1248 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 71 Endemic Species 71 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 97 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 65 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 8 endemic) 224 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 60 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 798 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 46 endemic) 278 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Checklist, Dagar & Singh 1999); Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete) Most recent flora Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hajra et al., eds., 1999/2023, 2 vols. published, ?complete); Flora of Great Nicobar Island (Sinha 1999); Flora of Campbell Bay National Park (Jayanthi 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); Pteridophytes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Dixit 2001); Flora of Great Nicobar Island (Sinha 1999)
more species list checklist	Myanmar	MYA	676.552	o	10794	9935	1010
10794 All Species 9935 Indigenous Species 9931 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1010 Endemic Species 1008 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 756 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 44 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 381 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 54 endemic) 1482 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 142 endemic) 1037 Indigenous Orchids (of them 100 endemic) 6235 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 702 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 859 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar (Kress et al. 2003); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A Contribution Toward the Knowledge of Ferns and Lycophytes from Northern and Northwestern Myanmar (Khine et al. 2017); The ferns of Burma (Dickason 1946) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora (Aung et al. 2020)
more species list checklist	Thailand	THA	513.115	+	11495	10986	2127
11495 All Species 10986 Indigenous Species 10986 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2127 Endemic Species 2127 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 771 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 34 endemic) 34 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 602 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 164 endemic) 2032 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 497 endemic) 1263 Indigenous Orchids (of them 157 endemic) 6284 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1271 endemic) 509 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of Thailand (Smitinand et al., eds., 1981-2023, so far 16 vols. in ca. 50 parts, ca. 70% complete, to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Flora of Thailand, Vol. 3/1-4 (Tagawa & Iwatsuki 1979-1989); Pteridophytes in Thailand (Boonkeerd & Pollawatn 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Contributions to the Orchid Flora of Thailand / Orchid Genera in Thailand, 1-13 (Seidenfaden 1972-1998); A Field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand (Vaddhanaphuti 2001); Flora of Thailand, Vol. 12/1 (Orchidaceae 1) (Pedersen et al. 2011); Flora of Thailand, Vol. 12/2 (Orchidaceae 2) (Pedersen et al. 2014)
more species list checklist	Laos	LAO	236.800	o	5839	5502	403
5839 All Species 5502 Indigenous Species 5502 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 403 Endemic Species 403 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 325 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 40 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 235 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 12 endemic) 896 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 109 endemic) 540 Indigenous Orchids (of them 38 endemic) 3466 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 235 endemic) 337 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of Plants in Lao PDR (Jin et al. 2016 [data quality not very good]); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2024, 37 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992)
more species list checklist	Cambodia	CBD	181.035	+	4373	4033	128
4373 All Species 4033 Indigenous Species 4033 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 128 Endemic Species 128 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 211 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 183 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 689 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 298 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2639 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 88 endemic) 340 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia (Cho et al. 2016); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2024, 37 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992)
more species list checklist	Vietnam	VIE	331.690	+	12359	11605	2857
12359 All Species 11605 Indigenous Species 11601 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2857 Endemic Species 2853 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 962 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 79 endemic) 81 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 20 endemic) 673 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 182 endemic) 1719 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 578 endemic) 1195 Indigenous Orchids (of them 344 endemic) 6975 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1654 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 754 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Câyco Viêtnam (Pham Hoàng Hô, 1991-1993, 3 vols. in 6 parts, complete); Flora of Vietnam (2000 ff., so far 10 families published), Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2024, 37 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951); Cay Co Vietnam (An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam), vol. 1 (Pham-Hoang Ho (1991) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992); Identification Guide to Vietnamese Orchids (Averyanov 1994); Preliminary List of the Vietnamese Orchids, Vol. 1-2 (Averyanov 1988); Updated Checklist of the Orchids of Vietnam (Averyanov & Averyanova 2004)
MALESIA (42)
more species list checklist	peninsular Malaysia (incl. Langkawi Isl.)	MLY	132.246	+	9271	8944	2062
9271 All Species 8944 Indigenous Species 8944 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2062 Endemic Species 2062 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 22.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 703 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 49 endemic) 32 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 7 endemic) 647 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 164 endemic) 1351 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 358 endemic) 933 Indigenous Orchids (of them 185 endemic) 5278 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1299 endemic) 327 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya (Turner 1995 publ. 1997); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of peninsular Malaysia (Parris, Kiew, eds., 2010 ff., 13 vols. published, to be continued); Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Vol. 1 (2010), 2 (2013), 3 (2020); Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood 1992)
more species list checklist	Singapore	SNG	710	++	2647	2192	18
2647 All Species 2192 Indigenous Species 2192 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 177 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 182 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 312 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 224 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1288 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 455 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore (Chong et al. 2009) Most recent flora The concise flora of Singapore (Keng, 2 vols., 1990, 1998); Flora of Singapore (Middleton et al., eds., 2019 ff., 3 vols. published), Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Vol. 1 (2010), 2 (2013), 3 (2020); Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); A Guide to the Ferns of Singapore (Wee 1987) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood 1992); A Guide to the Orchids of Singapore (Tan & Sin 1995)
more species list checklist	Sumatera (incl. Mentawai, Enggano, Nias, Simeulue, Lingga Arch., Krakatau, Bangka, Belitung, Batu)	SUM	425.150	o	7525	7384	2034
7525 All Species 7384 Indigenous Species 7383 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2034 Endemic Species 2033 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 27 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 755 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 131 endemic) 35 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 448 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 128 endemic) 908 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 267 endemic) 1168 Indigenous Orchids (of them 482 endemic) 4070 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1024 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 141 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Sumatra (Comber 2001)
more species list checklist	South China Sea Isl.	SCS	2	o	283	196	0
283 All Species 196 Indigenous Species 196 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 66 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 120 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 87 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
more species list checklist	Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan, incl. Natuna Isl., Riouw Arch., excl. Brunei)	BOR	743.384	o	12552	12344	5630
12552 All Species 12344 Indigenous Species 12343 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5630 Endemic Species 5629 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 44.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1086 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 250 endemic) 56 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 18 endemic) 776 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 287 endemic) 1706 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 985 endemic) 1689 Indigenous Orchids (of them 919 endemic) 7031 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3171 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 208 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Enumeratio Phanerogamarum Bornearum (Masamune 1942, 1945); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far); The plants of Mount Kinabalu (1992-2004, 5 vols. published); Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (Soepadmo & Wong, eds., 1995-2007, 6 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The Plants of Mt. Kinabalu, vol. 1 (Ferns and Fern Allies) (Parris et al. 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo (Wood & Cribb 1994); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 1 (Chan et al. 1994); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 2 (Vermeulen 1991); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 3 (Wood 1997); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 4 (Wood 2003); Bulbophyllum of Borneo (Vermeulen, O'Byrne & Lamb 2015)
more species list checklist	Brunei	BRN	5.765	+	2644	2604	115
2644 All Species 2604 Indigenous Species 2604 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 115 Endemic Species 115 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 136 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 286 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 164 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 224 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 1784 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 68 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (Wong & Dransfield, ed., 1996) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The Plants of Mt. Kinabalu, vol. 1 (Ferns and Fern Allies) (Parris et al. 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Wood). In: A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (Wong & Dransfield, ed., 1996)
more species list checklist	Sulawesi (Celebes) (incl. Selayar, Banggai, Sangihe, Kabaena)	SUL	189.070	o	5145	4908	1382
5145 All Species 4908 Indigenous Species 4907 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1382 Endemic Species 1381 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 26.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 780 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 88 endemic) 29 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 219 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 60 endemic) 636 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 194 endemic) 670 Indigenous Orchids (of them 376 endemic) 2574 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 662 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 237 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of woody plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Keßler et al. 2002); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Hovenkamp, P. (2013 onwards): Ferns of Sulawesi - Checklist. sulawesiferns.myspecies.info Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist	Palawan (incl. Busuanga, Culion)	PLW	14.649	o	1532	1518	230
1532 All Species 1518 Indigenous Species 1518 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 230 Endemic Species 230 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 15 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 232 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 80 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 12 endemic) 214 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 26 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 958 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 182 endemic) 14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Co's digital flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Checklist by J. F. Barcelona (pers. comm.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidiana Philippiniana (Valmayor 1984); The Orchids of the Philippines (Cootes 2001) (contains checklist)
more species list checklist	Philippines (excl. Palawan, Sulu Arch.)	PHI	325.000	+	9620	8902	4513
9620 All Species 8902 Indigenous Species 8902 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4513 Endemic Species 4513 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 46.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1046 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 252 endemic) 39 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 10 endemic) 401 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 229 endemic) 1047 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 364 endemic) 1191 Indigenous Orchids (of them 821 endemic) 5178 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2837 endemic) 718 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Co's digital flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org); Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna, Vol. 2 (Zamora & Co 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidiana Philippiniana (Valmayor 1984); The Orchids of the Philippines (Cootes 2001) (contains checklist)
more species list checklist	Jawa (incl. Madura Isl., Kangean Arch., Bawean)	JAW	130.520	o	6860	5516	839
6860 All Species 5516 Indigenous Species 5515 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 839 Endemic Species 838 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 553 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 39 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 269 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 66 endemic) 799 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 95 endemic) 787 Indigenous Orchids (of them 175 endemic) 3096 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 464 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 1344 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of Java (Backer & van den Brink, 1963-1968, outdated); Mountain Flora of Java (van Steenis 1972); Flora Malesiana (about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Java (Comber 1991)
more species list checklist	Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor, Wetar) [incl. East Timor]	LSI	80.000	o	3744	3326	362
3744 All Species 3326 Indigenous Species 3326 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 362 Endemic Species 362 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 385 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 119 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 17 endemic) 554 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 34 endemic) 311 Indigenous Orchids (of them 53 endemic) 1941 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 243 endemic) 418 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Bali - a provisional checklist (van Balgooy et al. 2014) [not seen nor included] Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The Ferns of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Posthumus 1944); On the Ferns of Sumba (Posthumus 1930); A preliminary Study on Pteridophytes of Lombok: List of the Species (Wardani & Jaenudin 2013) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Timor: checklist (Silveira et al. 2008); Flora of Bali - a provisional checklist (van Balgooy et al. 2014 [not seen nor included]); Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist	Moluccas [Maluku] (Tanimbar, Kei, Aru, Banda, Ambon, Seram, Buru, Obi, Bacan, Halmaheira, Ternate, Tidore, Morotai, Talaud, Sulu Arch.)	MOL	74.500	o	4007	3823	663
4007 All Species 3823 Indigenous Species 3822 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 663 Endemic Species 662 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 720 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 92 endemic) 28 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 211 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 48 endemic) 492 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 51 endemic) 449 Indigenous Orchids (of them 172 endemic) 1923 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 299 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 184 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Taxonomic Studies of Pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) (in 12 parts) (Kato 1988-2007) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	CKI	14	++	134	73	0
134 All Species 73 Indigenous Species 73 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 20 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 51 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 61 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Christmas Isl. (Austr.)	XMS	135	++	382	214	17
382 All Species 214 Indigenous Species 214 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 17 Endemic Species 17 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 29 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 135 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 168 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
PAPUASIA (43)
more species list checklist	New Guinea (Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, incl. d'Entrecasteaux Isl., Goodenough Isl., Louisiade Arch., Rennell, Yapen [Japen], Biak, Waigeo etc.)	NWG	800.000	+	13924	13525	8981
13924 All Species 13525 Indigenous Species 13524 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 8981 Endemic Species 8980 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 64.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1357 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 574 endemic) 55 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 21 endemic) 753 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 596 endemic) 1626 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 843 endemic) 2853 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2358 endemic) 6881 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4589 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 399 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist New Guinea has the world's richest island flora (Cámara-Leret et al. 2020) [detailed checklist] Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far), Handbooks of the flora of Papua New Guinea (3 vols. published, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The ferns and fern-allies of Papua New Guinea (Johns & Bellamy, 1979 ff., in 12 parts); A Checklist of the Fern Allies, Ferns and Gymnosperms of the N. E. Kepala Burung (Vogelkop), Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Edwards, Johns & Kowalska 2012) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of Papuasian Orchids (Ormerod 2017); A. Schuiteman & Ed de Vogel (2001-2010, CD-ROM): Flora Malesiana: Orchids of New Guinea: illustrated checklist and genera. Part 1: Checklist and genera (2001). Part 2: Genus Dendrobium and allied genera (2002). Part 3: Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (2005). Part 4: Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella (2006). Part 5: Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (2008). Part 6: Genus Bulbophyllum (2010).
more species list checklist	Bismarck Arch. (New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Admiralty Isl., Manus Isl., Umboi Isl.)	BIS	48.500	-	1936	1848	256
1936 All Species 1848 Indigenous Species 1848 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 256 Endemic Species 256 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 13.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 365 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 16 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 72 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 16 endemic) 215 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 283 Indigenous Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 895 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 120 endemic) 88 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far); Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for naturalists (Peekel 1947, reprint 1985, very incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of Papuasian Orchids (Ormerod 2017); A. Schuiteman & Ed de Vogel (2001-2010, CD-ROM): Flora Malesiana: Orchids of New Guinea: illustrated checklist and genera. Part 1: Checklist and genera (2001). Part 2: Genus Dendrobium and allied genera (2002). Part 3: Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (2005). Part 4: Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella (2006). Part 5: Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (2008). Part 6: Genus Bulbophyllum (2010).
more species list checklist	Solomon Isl. (incl. Bougainville, excl. Santa Cruz Isl.)	SOL	35.926	o	2467	2283	479
2467 All Species 2283 Indigenous Species 2283 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 479 Endemic Species 479 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 458 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 49 endemic) 14 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 111 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 38 endemic) 253 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 74 endemic) 343 Indigenous Orchids (of them 46 endemic) 1104 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 271 endemic) 184 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Sol Amazing! (Lycophytes and Ferns of the Solomon Islands) (Chen et al. 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (Lewis & Cribb 1991)
AUSTRALASIA (5)
AUSTRALIA (50)
more species list checklist	Australia (incl. Tasmania, excl. other islands)	AUS	7.690.849	+(+)	23971	21754	19312
23971 All Species 21754 Indigenous Species 21733 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 19312 Endemic Species 19311 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 80.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 459 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 170 endemic) 117 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 114 endemic) 301 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 243 endemic) 2964 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2316 endemic) 1510 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1362 endemic) 16403 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 15107 endemic) 21 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 2217 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Census of Australian Vascular Plants (Hnatiuk 1990); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of Australia (1982 ff., 29 vols. published, about 60% complete, the rest will be published online as e-flora); Flora of Victoria (1993-1999, 4 vols., complete); Flora of New South Wales (2000-2002, 2 vols. published); Flora of the Darwin region (Dunlop et al., 1995, 59 families published); Floodplain Flora (Cowie et al., eds., about 30 families published); Flora of South Eastern Queensland (1983-1989, 3 vols.); Flora of South Australia (5th ed., 2011 ff., published in familiy accounts online); The Student's Flora of Tasmania (2nd ed., 1993-1994, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Australia, Volume 48 (1998); Flora of South Australia (Jessop & Toelken 1986); The Ferns of Tasmania (Garrett 1997); Ferns and Allied Plants of Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia (Duncan & Isaac 1994); Flora of Victoria, Vol. 2 (Walsh & Entwistle, ed., 1994) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae (Clements 1989); Native Orchids of Australia (Jones 1987); A Complete Guide to Native Orchids of Australia (Jones 2006); Field Guide to the Orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (Bishop 1996); Flora of South Australia, pt. I (Black 1960); Orchids of South Australia (Bates & Weber 1990); Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology (Jones 1998); The Orchids of Tasmania (Jones et al. 1999); Field Guide to the Orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (Bishop 1996); The Orchids of Victoria (Backhouse & Jeanes 1995); Orchids of Western Australia (Dixon et al. 1989); Orchids of SW-Australia (3rd ed.) (Hoffmann & Brown 2001)
more species list checklist	Ashmore Reef & Cartier Isl.	ASH	1	++	17	16	0
17 All Species 16 Indigenous Species 16 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 49 (Oceanic Islands 1) (1994)
more species list checklist	Lord Howe Isl.	LHI	154	++	503	281	100
503 All Species 281 Indigenous Species 281 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 100 Endemic Species 100 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 60 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 22 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 54 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 147 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 60 endemic) 222 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Norfolk Isl. (incl. Philip Isl.)	NFK	39	++	452	193	36
452 All Species 193 Indigenous Species 193 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 36 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 95 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 24 endemic) 259 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
NEW ZEALAND (51)
more species list checklist	New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl., Three Kings Isl., Snares Isl., excl. remote islands)	NZL	270.000	++	4026	2268	1561
4026 All Species 2268 Indigenous Species 2250 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1561 Endemic Species 1561 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 38.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 195 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 33 endemic) 19 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 19 endemic) 20 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 15 endemic) 472 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 286 endemic) 122 Indigenous Orchids (of them 54 endemic) 1440 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1154 endemic) 18 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1758 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete); The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand (Fineran 1969); Flora of New Zealand [eFloraNZ] (2014 ff., 7 + 17 vols. published, http://www.nzflora.info/publications.html) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand - Lycophytes [eFloraNZ] (2014-2021, 17 vols. published, http://www.nzflora.info/publications.html); New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Kermadec Isl.	KER	36	++	149	108	21
149 All Species 108 Indigenous Species 108 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 21 Endemic Species 21 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 41 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 24 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 41 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Kermadec Islands Flora: An annotated checklist (Sykes 1977); New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands (Sykes & West 1996); Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands (Sykes & West 1996); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985); New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Chatham Isl.	CTM	963	++	812	424	47
812 All Species 424 Indigenous Species 422 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 47 Endemic Species 47 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 104 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 95 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 35 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 189 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 388 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands (De Lange et al. 2011); Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey et al. 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Antipodes Isl.	ATP	60	++	66	66	5
66 All Species 66 Indigenous Species 66 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) Most recent checklist Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Auckland Isl.	AUC	551	++	249	176	5
249 All Species 176 Indigenous Species 176 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 43 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 49 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 76 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 73 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
PACIFIC (6)
SOUTH WEST PACIFIC (60)
more species list checklist	Santa Cruz Isl. (Vanikoro, etc.)	SCZ	815	o	342	311	17
342 All Species 311 Indigenous Species 311 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 17 Endemic Species 17 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 96 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 42 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 141 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 31 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Sol Amazing! (Lycophytes and Ferns of the Solomon Islands) (Chen et al. 2017)
more species list checklist	New Caledonia (incl. Île des Pins, Loyalty Isl., Île Art)	NWC	19.058	+	3922	3380	2560
3922 All Species 3380 Indigenous Species 3379 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2560 Endemic Species 2560 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 65.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 297 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 114 endemic) 44 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 43 endemic) 114 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 104 endemic) 318 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 148 endemic) 224 Indigenous Orchids (of them 118 endemic) 2383 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2033 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 542 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist www.endemia.nc Most recent flora Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (1967-2021, 27 vols. published [approx. 45%], to be continued); Flore Ornementale de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Gatéble & Neaoutyine 2016) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances, Vol. 3 (Brownlie 1969) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances, Vol. 8 (Hallé 1977); Orchidees Indigenes de Nouvelle-Caledonie (Société Néo-Caledonienne d’Orchidophilie 1995); Checklist of New Caledonian Orchidaceae (Clements & Jones 1999, in Orchadian 13)
more species list checklist	Vanuatu	VAN	12.190	o	1649	1280	178
1649 All Species 1280 Indigenous Species 1280 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 178 Endemic Species 178 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 329 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 31 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 138 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 177 Indigenous Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 596 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 111 endemic) 369 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Vanuatu National Herbarium (PVNH) (Chanel et al. 2017) Most recent flora Remarkable Plants of Vanuatu (Ramon et al. 2015, field guide); A Guide to the Common Trees of Vanuatu (Wheatley 1992); Orchids of Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989)
more species list checklist	Rotuma Isl.	ROT	43	+	487	216	4
487 All Species 216 Indigenous Species 216 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 37 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 133 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 271 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Preliminary Checklist of the Flora of Rotuma with Rotuman Names (McClatchley et al. 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Rotuma Island, a Descriptive Manual (St. John 1954)
more species list checklist	Tonga	TON	750	o	802	535	27
802 All Species 535 Indigenous Species 535 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 27 Endemic Species 27 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 95 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 67 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 54 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 300 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 21 endemic) 267 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Plants of Tonga (Yuncker 1959); The vegetation of Late, Tonga (Sykes 1981); Rain forest vegetation of 'Eua Island (Drake et al. 1996); The rare plants of Tonga (Whistler 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Pteridophytes of 'Eua, Southern Tonga (Sykes 1978); New or noteworthy ferns from the Tongan Islands (Iwatsuki 1963) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist	Niue Isl.	NUE	264	o	562	212	3
562 All Species 212 Indigenous Species 212 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 27 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 133 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 350 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The flora of Niue Island (Yuncker 1943, outdated); Contributions to the flora of Niue (Sykes 1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist	Fiji	FIJ	18.376	++	2515	1690	773
2515 All Species 1690 Indigenous Species 1690 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 773 Endemic Species 773 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 30.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 311 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 47 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 102 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 76 endemic) 145 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 46 endemic) 176 Indigenous Orchids (of them 46 endemic) 945 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 553 endemic) 825 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Vitiensis nova (A.C. Smith, 1971-1996, 5 vols. + Index, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The pteridophyte flora of Fiji (Brownlie 1977); A revised Checklist of Fijian ferns and lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora vitiensis nova, Vol. 5 (Kores 1991)
more species list checklist	Wallis & Futuna	WAL	177	+	262	251	4
262 All Species 251 Indigenous Species 251 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 56 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 20 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 128 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The vascular plants of the Horne and Wallis Islands (St. John & Smith 1971) Most recent flora Contribution a la Connaissance de la Vegetation et de la Flore de Wallis et Futuna (Morat & Veillon 1985); Guide des Plants de Wallis et Futuna (Meyer 2018)
more species list checklist	American Samoa (Tutuila, Manua Isl. [Ofu, Olosega, Ta'u])	ASA	197	++	735	518	18
735 All Species 518 Indigenous Species 518 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 152 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 55 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 232 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 217 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Samoa (Whistler 2022); Flowering Plants of Samoa (Christopherson 1935/1938); A study of the rare plants of American Samoa (Whistler 1998); Vegetation of Eastern Samoa (Whistler 1980); Plants of the Manua Islands (Yuncker 1945); The Rare Plants of Samoa (Whistler 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa (Christensen 1943) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996)
more species list checklist	[Western] Samoa ('Upolu, Savai'i, Aleipata Isl., Manono Isl. etc.)	SAM	2.831	++	1043	766	153
1043 All Species 766 Indigenous Species 766 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 153 Endemic Species 153 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 231 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 18 endemic) 25 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 7 endemic) 66 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 92 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 352 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 112 endemic) 277 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Samoa (Whistler 2022); Flowering Plants of Samoa (Christopherson 1935/1938); Vegetation and Flora of the Aleipata Islands, Western Samoa (Whistler 1983); The Rare Plants of Samoa (Whistler 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa (Christensen 1943) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996)
more species list checklist	Tuvalu (Ellice Isl.)	TUV	26	+	163	57	0
163 All Species 57 Indigenous Species 57 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 36 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 106 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The Flora of Tuvalu (Thaman 2016); Vegetation and Flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu (Woodroffe 1985)
more species list checklist	Tokelau Isl. (incl. Swains Isl.)	TOK	14	+	106	53	0
106 All Species 53 Indigenous Species 53 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 28 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 53 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll (Parham 1971); The Flora and Vegetation of Swains Island (Whistler 1983)
more species list checklist	Phoenix Islands (Kiribati p. p.)	PHX	42	+	82	37	0
82 All Species 37 Indigenous Species 37 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 45 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific (Fosberg & Stoddart 1994)
more species list checklist	Gilbert Islands (Kiribati p. p.)	GIL	311	+	213	90	0
213 All Species 90 Indigenous Species 90 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 26 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 57 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 123 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati, checklist (Fosberg & Sachet 1987); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Vegetation of Nauru and the Gilbert Islands (Thaman 1992)
more species list checklist	Banaba (Ocean Isl., Kiribati p. p.)	OCE	6	+	71	29	0
71 All Species 29 Indigenous Species 29 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 42 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Vascular Plants, Vegetation and Ethnobotany of Banaba (Ocean Islands) (Thaman & Samuelu 2016)
more species list checklist	Nauru	NRU	21	++	129	49	0
129 All Species 49 Indigenous Species 49 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 33 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Vegetation of Nauru and the Gilbert Islands (Thaman 1992); The Flora of Nauru (Thaman et al. 1994)
more species list checklist	Pacific Equatorial Sporades (incl. Howland Isl., Baker Isl.)	HBI	5	o	1	1	0
1 All Species 1 Indigenous Species 1 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
SOUTH CENTRAL PACIFIC (61)
more species list checklist	Line Isl. (Kiribati p. p., incl. Christmas Isl. = Kiritimati)	LIN	757	+	183	57	1
183 All Species 57 Indigenous Species 57 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 37 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 126 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular plants of the northern Line Islands (Wester 1985) Most recent flora Notes on the vascular flora and terrestrial vertebrates of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands (Clapp & Sibley 1971); Vegetation History of Washington Island (Teraina), Northern Line Islands (Wester et al. 1992); Plants of Christmas Island (Chock & Hamilton 1962); Flora of Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll, Northern Line Islands (Thaman & Tye 2015)
more species list checklist	Cook Isl. (incl. Rarotonga)	COO	230	++	862	333	29
862 All Species 333 Indigenous Species 333 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 29 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 104 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 48 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 14 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 154 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 18 endemic) 529 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of the Cook Islands (Sykes 2016) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist	Marquesas Isl.	MRQ	1.020	++	569	343	163
569 All Species 343 Indigenous Species 343 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 163 Endemic Species 163 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 28.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 103 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 28 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 7 endemic) 42 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 14 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 183 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 112 endemic) 226 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/ Most recent flora Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019/2020, complete in 2 vols.); Guide floristique - Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou (Butaud 2014); Guide floristique - Niva Oa, Tahuata, Fatuiva (Butaud 2014) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019), vol. 1 Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019), vol. 1
more species list checklist	Society Isl. (Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Huahine, Bora Bora, Makatea, etc.)	SCI	1.628	++	1250	646	238
1250 All Species 646 Indigenous Species 645 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 238 Endemic Species 238 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 205 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 51 endemic) 19 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 8 endemic) 60 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 35 Indigenous Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 327 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 157 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 604 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Societensis (Welsh 1998); Botanique de l'ile de Tupai (Sachet 1983); Flora of Makatea (Wilder 1934); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Partial Flora of the Society Islands: Ericaceae to Apocynaceae (Grant & Fosberg 1974) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Society Islands (Copeland 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Societensis (Welsh 1998)
more species list checklist	Gambier Isl. (incl. Mangareva Isl.)	GBI	450	+	93	51	7
93 All Species 51 Indigenous Species 51 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 34 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 42 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Census of the flora of the Gambier Islands, Polynesia (St. John 1988) Most recent flora La vegetation des iles Gambier (Huguenin 1974); Chock & Hamilton (1962); Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Gambier - Guide floristique (Butaud 2013) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1932) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Tuamotu Arch. (excl. Gambier Isl.)	TUA	450	+	313	133	9
313 All Species 133 Indigenous Species 133 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 92 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 180 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flora of Maupiti (Fosberg & Sachet 19??); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Guide floristique - Atolls soulevés des Tuamotu (Polynésie francaise) Butaud & Jacq 2009); Tuamotu de l'ouest - Guide floristique (Butaud 2013); Tuamotu du centre - Guide floristique (Butaud 2010); Tuamotu de l'est - Guide Floristique (Butaud 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Austral Isl. (Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae, Rapa Iti)	AUI	148	+	605	357	102
605 All Species 357 Indigenous Species 357 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 102 Endemic Species 102 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 99 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 24 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 52 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 187 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 73 endemic) 248 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Les Orchidees du Tubuai, suives d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des Îles Australes (Hallé 1980) Most recent flora Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Guide floristique - Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae (Australes) (Butaud 2014); Rapa, iles australis - Guide floristique (Meyer 2011); Terrestrial biodiversity of the Austral Islands (Meyer & Claridge 2014) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Les orchidees de Tubuai (Hallé 1980); Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Pitcairn Isl. (incl. Oeno Atoll)	PIT	6	+	167	87	10
167 All Species 87 Indigenous Species 87 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 10 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 51 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island (St. John 1987); List of the flora of Oeno Atoll (St. John & Philipson 1960) Most recent flora Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The pteridophyte flora of Pitcairn Island (Brownlie 1961); Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Henderson Isl. (incl. Ducie Atoll)	HEN	37	++	67	64	4
67 All Species 64 Indigenous Species 64 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 11 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 44 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 3 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island (St. John 1987) Most recent flora Henderson Island (Southeast Polynesia): Summary of current knowledge (Fosberg et al. 1983); Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Ducie Atoll (Rehder & Rantall 1975) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Easter Island (Rapa Nui)	EAS	180	+	172	45	9
172 All Species 45 Indigenous Species 45 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 17 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 12 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 16 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 127 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flowering Plants of Easter Island (Zizka 1991); Plantas de Rapa Nui. Guia Ilustrada (Dubois 2013)
NORTH WEST PACIFIC (62)
more species list checklist	Minami-Torishima (Marcus Isl.)	MCU	2	-	22	10	0
22 All Species 10 Indigenous Species 10 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora An Ecological Perspective of Marcus Island (Sakagami 1961)
more species list checklist	Palau Isl. (Republic of Palau, Western Carolines)	PLU	516	o	1093	699	138
1093 All Species 699 Indigenous Species 699 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 138 Endemic Species 138 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 123 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 163 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 333 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 82 endemic) 394 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Palau with vernacular names (Fosberg et al. 1980); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Flora of Micronesia (Fosberg & Sachet, 5 vols. published, 1975-1993)
more species list checklist	Northern Marianas	MRN	464	+	676	346	24
676 All Species 346 Indigenous Species 346 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 24 Endemic Species 24 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 59 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 74 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 24 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 181 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 330 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Vascular flora of the northern Mariana Islands (Fosberg et al. 1975-1980) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)
more species list checklist	Guam	GUM	540	+	1030	397	12
1030 All Species 397 Indigenous Species 397 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12 Endemic Species 12 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 105 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 29 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 194 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 633 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora The Flora of Guam (Stone 1970) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)
more species list checklist	Federal States of Micronesia (Central and Eastern Carolines: Truk, Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae)	MIC	702	+	1198	670	131
1198 All Species 670 Indigenous Species 670 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 131 Endemic Species 131 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 141 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 133 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 66 Indigenous Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 314 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 75 endemic) 528 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Pohnpei (Herrera et al. 2010); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg); The Endemic Plants of Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Commentary (Costion & Laurence 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Micronesia (Fosberg & Sachet, 5 vols. published, 1975-1993); Flora of Ponape (Glassmann 1952); Trees of Yap. A Field Guide (Cushing Falanruw 2016)
more species list checklist	Marshall Isl.	MRS	174	o	458	108	0
458 All Species 108 Indigenous Species 108 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 30 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 74 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 350 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Vascular Plants recorded from Jaluit Atoll (Fosberg & Sachet 1962); A review of the natural history of the Marshall Islands (Fosberg 1990); Vegetation of Bikini Atoll (Fosberg 1988); The Vascular Plants of Majuro Atoll (van der Velde 2003); Flora of Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls (Releford 2009)
more species list checklist	Wake Isl.	WAK	8	o	111	33	1
111 All Species 33 Indigenous Species 33 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 24 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 78 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Vegetation and flora of Wake Island (Fosberg 1959); Wake Island vegetation and flora, 1961-1963 (Fosberg & Sachet 1969)
NORTH CENTRAL PACIFIC (63)
more species list checklist	Hawaii (incl. Johnston Atoll, Midway Isl.)	HAW	16.729	++	2428	1250	1111
2428 All Species 1250 Indigenous Species 1249 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1111 Endemic Species 1111 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 45.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 173 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 129 endemic) 28 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 25 endemic) 145 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 106 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 901 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 848 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1178 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Hawaiian Native and Naturalized Vascular Plants Checklist (Imada, ed., 2012); Hawaiian Naturalized Vascular Plants Checklist (Imada et al., 2019) Most recent flora Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i (2., rev. ed., 2 vols., Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer 2000); Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates (Wagner et al. 2012); Common Plants of Midway Atoll (Holthuijzen 2017); Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll (Starr & Starr 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Hawai’i (Valier 1995)
NORTH AMERICA (7)
ARCTIC NORTH AMERICA (70)
more species list checklist	Alaska (incl. Aleutes)	ASK	1.530.000	++	1593	1388	40
1593 All Species 1388 Indigenous Species 1386 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 40 Endemic Species 40 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 84 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 372 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 884 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 205 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov) Most recent flora Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories (Hulten 1968); Flora of the Aleutian Islands (Hulten 1960); Flora of North America (1993 ff., 19 of 26 volumes published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist	Greenland	GNL	2.175.600	++	547	445	12
547 All Species 445 Indigenous Species 440 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12 Endemic Species 11 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 42 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 152 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 5 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 246 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 102 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular plants of Greenland (2nd ed., Holmen 1968); A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980) Most recent flora The Flora of Greenland (2nd ed., Böcher et al. 1968); The flowering plants of Greenland (Jorgensen et al. 1958) [see also Flora of North America] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
CANADA (70-72)
more species list checklist	Canada	CDN	9.970.610	++	5111	3991	98
5111 All Species 3991 Indigenous Species 3977 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 98 Endemic Species 98 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 179 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 37 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 22 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 999 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 72 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2682 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 79 endemic) 14 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1120 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov) Most recent flora The flora of Canada (Scoggan 1978, 1979, 4 vols.); Flora of North America (1993 ff., 20 of 26 volumes published). Many regional and state floras not listed here (a majority of the states has recent floras) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Les fougeres et les plantes alliees du Canada (Cody & Britton 1989); Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist	St. Pierre & Miquelon	SPM	242	++	525	412	1
525 All Species 412 Indigenous Species 410 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 42 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 154 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 201 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 113 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas of the vascular plants of the island of Newfoundland and of the island of St. Pierre et Miquelon (Rouleau & Lamoureux 1992) Most recent flora Les plantes vasculaires des iles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon (LeGallo 1954) [see also Flora of North America and some Canadian regional floras] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
USA (73-78)
more species list checklist	USA (Lower 48 States)	USA	8.262.426	++	19350	15995	5540
19350 All Species 15995 Indigenous Species 15842 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5540 Endemic Species 5468 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 28.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 449 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 40 endemic) 123 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 34 endemic) 99 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 35 endemic) 2814 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 648 endemic) 200 Indigenous Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 12310 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4758 endemic) 153 Microspecies (of them 72 endemic) 3355 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov) Most recent flora Flora of North America (1993 - 2023, 22 of 26 volumes published). Many regional and state floras not listed here (a majority of the states has recent floras - see subpage "Literature"). Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist	Bermuda	BER	53	+	217	137	14
217 All Species 137 Indigenous Species 137 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 18 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 37 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 78 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Bermuda (Britton 1918, very outdated)
MEXICO (79)
more species list checklist	Mexico	MEX	1.964.382	+	25567	24500	13000
25567 All Species 24500 Indigenous Species 24493 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13000 Endemic Species 12998 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 50.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1059 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 206 endemic) 196 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 127 endemic) 665 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 348 endemic) 3527 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1678 endemic) 1341 Indigenous Orchids (of them 597 endemic) 17712 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10044 endemic) 7 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 1067 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico (Villasenor 2016); numerous state checklists (Listados Floristicos de Mexico) Most recent flora Numerous regional floras, especially: Flora de Aguascalientes (1982 ff., few volumes published), Flora of Baja California (Wiggins 1980); Flora of Chiapas (1981 ff., 6 vols. published); Flora of Bajío y de regiones adyacentes (Rzedowski et al., 1991 ff., 236 vols. published); Flora de Guerrero (1989 ff., 95 vols. published); Flora de Jalisco y areas colindantes (27 vols. published), Flora Novo-Galiciana (McVaugh et al., 1974 ff., 9 vols. published); Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (1993 ff., 181 vols. published); Flora de Veracruz (1978 ff., 193 vols. published); Flora Mesoamericana (southern Mexico only, 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004); Flora Novo-Galiciana, Volume 17 (McVaugh 1992); Pteridophytes. Flora of Chiapas, part 2 (Smith 1981); Flora of Baja California (Wiggins 1980); Pteridophyte flora of Oaxaca, Mexico (Mickel & Beitel 1988); Ferns and fern allies of Chihuahua, Mexico (Knobloch & Correll 1962); Listados floristicos de Mexico. IX. Flora de Durango (Elizondo et al. 1991); Flora de Mexico, Volume 6, parts 1-3: Pteridophyta (1993-1995) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Listado Actualizado de las Orquideas de Mexico (Soto Arenas 1988); Icones Orchidacearum (Mexico), Fasc. 1-6 (Hagsater & Salazar 1990-2003)
more species list checklist	Isla Guadalupe	GLP	244	++	201	152	26
201 All Species 152 Indigenous Species 152 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 26 Endemic Species 26 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 125 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 23 endemic) 49 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The Flora of Guadalupe Island, Mexico (Moran 1996) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Listado Actualizado de las Orquideas de Mexico (Soto Arenas 1988)
more species list checklist	Revillagigedo Isl. (incl. Socorro Isl.)	RGI	157	+	187	154	29
187 All Species 154 Indigenous Species 154 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 29 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 15.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 17 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 24 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 105 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 20 endemic) 33 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The vascular flora of Isla Socorro, Mexico (Lewin & Moran 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004)
TROPICAL AMERICA (8)
CENTRAL AMERICA (80)
more species list checklist	Guatemala	GUA	108.889	o	8256	7949	691
8256 All Species 7949 Indigenous Species 7945 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 691 Endemic Species 691 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 738 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 30 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 342 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 87 endemic) 1206 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 67 endemic) 958 Indigenous Orchids (of them 199 endemic) 4675 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 332 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them endemic) 307 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts); Flora of Guatemala (Standley, ed., 1958-1977, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala, pt. 1-3 (Stolze 1976-83) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Orchids of Guatemala: A revised annotated checklist (Dix & Dix 2000); Orchids of Guatemala and Belize (Ames & Correll 1985); Guatemala y sus orquídeas (Behar & Tinschert 1998)
more species list checklist	Belize	BLZ	22.965	+	3685	3431	71
3685 All Species 3431 Indigenous Species 3430 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 71 Endemic Species 71 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 279 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 148 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 628 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic) 291 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 2075 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 41 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 254 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize (Balick et al. 2000) Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize (Balick, Nee & Atha 2000); Native Orchids of Belize (McLeish, Pearce & Adams 1995); Orchids of Guatemala and Belize (Ames & Correll 1985); Lista Comentada de las orquideas de Belice (Catling & Catling 1988)
more species list checklist	El Salvador	ELS	21.041	o	3146	2899	39
3146 All Species 2899 Indigenous Species 2899 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 39 Endemic Species 39 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 380 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 97 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 535 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 400 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 1475 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 247 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); An Annotated Checklist of the Monilophytes (Ferns) and Lycophytes of El Salvador (Monterrosa & Monro 2008); Una guia taxonomica para helechos de El Salvador (Seiler 1980); Listado de la flora Salvadorensis / Pteridophyta (Pfeiffer-Berendsohn 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Las Orquideas de El Salvador (Hamer 1974-1981)
more species list checklist	Honduras	HON	112.492	+	7610	6660	241
7610 All Species 6660 Indigenous Species 6660 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 241 Endemic Species 241 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 668 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 303 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 61 endemic) 1118 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 611 Indigenous Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 3939 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 133 endemic) 950 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras, espermatofitas (Nelson Sutherland et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns and Lycophytes of Honduras: A new annotated checklist (J. D. Reyes et al. 2021); Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Hondurensis Plantarum Vascularium Catalogus. Pteridophyta (Sutherland et al. 1996) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft)
more species list checklist	Nicaragua	NIC	129.494	++	6345	5895	82
6345 All Species 5895 Indigenous Species 5894 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 82 Endemic Species 82 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 616 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 225 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 1021 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 629 Indigenous Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 3395 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 60 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 450 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Nicaragua (Stevens et al., eds.) (2001-2009, 4 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Flora of Nicaragua, Vol. 4 (Helechos) (Gomez & Arbelaez 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Orchids of Nicaragua, Pt. 1-6 (Hamer 1982-1985); Orchidaceae (Hamer). - In: Flora of Nicaragua, Vol. 2 (Stevens, ed., 2001)
more species list checklist	Costa Rica (except Isla del Coco)	COS	51.060	++	11210	10572	1936
11210 All Species 10572 Indigenous Species 10571 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1936 Endemic Species 1936 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 17.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1179 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 116 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 807 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 341 endemic) 1623 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 232 endemic) 1604 Indigenous Orchids (of them 537 endemic) 5348 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 707 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 638 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., 2003-2020, 8 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts); Flora Costaricensis (Burger, ed., 1971, 10 vols. published, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama (Dressler 1993); Flora Costaricensis, Family 39, part V (Maxillarieae and Oncidinae) (Atwood & de Retana 1999); Lista actualizada de las orquideas de Costa Rica (Mora-Retana & Garcia 1992); Catalogo revisado y anotado de las Orchidaceae de Costa Rica (Pupulin 2002); Orchidaceae (Dressler et al.) - In: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. III (Hammel et al., ed., 2003)
more species list checklist	Isla del Coco (Cocos Isl.)	COC	40	++	175	161	42
175 All Species 161 Indigenous Species 161 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 42 Endemic Species 42 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 24 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 57 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 21 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 67 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Preliminary List of Plants from Cocos Island (Fosberg & Klawe 1966) Most recent flora Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., 2003-2020, 8 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 6 of ca. 10 volumes published, plus numerous drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); The ferns and fern-allies of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Gomez 1975) [= Contribuciones a la pteridologia costarricense. VII. Pteridofita de la Isla de Cocos]
more species list checklist	Panama	PAN	75.517	+	10384	9959	1742
10384 All Species 9959 Indigenous Species 9958 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1742 Endemic Species 1742 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 975 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 44 endemic) 22 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 12 endemic) 659 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 158 endemic) 1810 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 475 endemic) 1391 Indigenous Orchids (of them 345 endemic) 5102 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 708 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 425 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Panama, vol. 1: The introduction and checklist (d'Arcy 1987) Most recent flora Flora of Panama (d'Arcy 1943-1980, 9 parts in 21 vols. published, incomplete), Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Flora of Panama: Checklist and index (D'Arcy 1987); The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids An updated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama (Bogarin et al. 2014); Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama (Dressler 1993); Flora of Panama: Checklist and index (D'Arcy 1987); Checklist of the Orchids of Panama (Dressler 1980)
more species list checklist	Clipperton Isl.	CLI	30	+	32	13	0
32 All Species 13 Indigenous Species 13 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 19 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora and vegetation of Clipperton Island (Sachet 1962); Flora and Vegetation of Clipperton (La Passion) Atoll (Jost et al. 2019)
more species list checklist	Isla Malpelo	MAL	1	++		0
All Species 0 Indigenous Species 0 Indigenous Species except Microspecies Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) Most recent flora Flora terreste de la isla Malpelo (Colombia) (Gonzalez-Roman et al. 2014); The biological investigation of Malpelo Island (Graham 1975)
CARIBBEAN (81)
more species list checklist	Bahamas	BAH	13.939	++	1337	1067	59
1337 All Species 1067 Indigenous Species 1066 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 59 Endemic Species 59 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 42 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 220 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic) 53 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 732 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 42 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 270 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Bahamian Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982); Endemic Seed Plants in the Bahamian Archipelago (Freid et al. 2014); Vascular flora of Andros Island, Bahamas (Nickrent et al. 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Sauleda & Adams). - In: Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982)
more species list checklist	Turks & Caicos Isl.	TCI	430	++	416	364	7
416 All Species 364 Indigenous Species 364 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 80 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 268 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 52 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Bahamian Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (Sauleda & Adams 197
more species list checklist	Cuba	CUB	114.525	+(+)	6933	6063	2900
6933 All Species 6063 Indigenous Species 6063 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2900 Endemic Species 2900 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 41.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 559 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 85 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 11 endemic) 167 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 80 endemic) 927 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 246 endemic) 319 Indigenous Orchids (of them 105 endemic) 4075 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2373 endemic) 870 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Base de datos de especímenes de la flora de Cuba : con mapas de distribución, Versión 4.0 - 2008 Most recent flora Flora de la Republica de Cuba (1998 ff., 27 vols. published); Flora de Cuba (Leon & Alain 1946-1962, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lista de los helechos y licofitos de Cuba (Sanchez 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Las orquideas nativas de Cuba (Diaz 1988); Iconografia de orquídeas Cubanas (Marquez & Bocourt Vigli 1997); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	Cayman Isl.	CAY	262	++	713	549	23
713 All Species 549 Indigenous Species 549 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 23 Endemic Species 23 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 23 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 101 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 28 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 384 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 164 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Cayman Islands (Proctor 1984) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Cayman Islands (Proctor 1984); Orquideas de las Islas Cayman (Adams 1971)
more species list checklist	Jamaica	JAM	10.991	++	3740	3024	816
3740 All Species 3024 Indigenous Species 3024 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 816 Endemic Species 816 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 21.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 563 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 66 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 96 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 32 endemic) 455 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 39 endemic) 209 Indigenous Orchids (of them 55 endemic) 1696 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 622 endemic) 716 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flowering plants of Jamaica (Adams 1972); Flora of Jamaica (Warner 2007) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Jamaica (Proctor 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchids of Jamaica (Gloudon & Tobisch 1995); A Checklist of the Orchids of Jamaica (Adams 1966); Orchidaceae (Adams, Proctor & Read). In: Flowering Plants of Jamaica (1972); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	Hispaniola (Dominican Republic & Haiti)	HIS	76.200	+(+)	5960	4993	1926
5960 All Species 4993 Indigenous Species 4993 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1926 Endemic Species 1926 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 32.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 634 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 67 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 177 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 83 endemic) 617 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 71 endemic) 358 Indigenous Orchids (of them 161 endemic) 3201 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1540 endemic) 967 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Hispaniola (Liogier, ed.) (1981 ff., 9 vols. published, mostly complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	Navassa Isl.	NAV	5	+	139	106	3
139 All Species 106 Indigenous Species 106 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 5 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 20 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 81 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 33 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Navassa Island and its flora. 2. Checklist of the vascular plants (Zanoni & Buck 1999)
more species list checklist	Puerto Rico (incl. Mona Isl., Desecheo Isl., Culebra Isl., Vieques Isl.)	PUE	8.959	+(+)	3313	2359	250
3313 All Species 2359 Indigenous Species 2358 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 250 Endemic Species 250 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 370 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 21 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 87 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 414 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 139 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 1345 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 188 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 954 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Liogier (1982) Most recent flora Flora of Puerto Rico (Liogier, ed., 1985-1997, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); The Orchids of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackerman & Del Mayda 1995); An orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackerman 1995); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John), British Virgin Islands (Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Tortola, Jost Van Dyke Isl., Peter Isl., Salt Isl.)	VIR	495	+	1583	1070	22
1583 All Species 1070 Indigenous Species 1069 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 22 Endemic Species 22 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 38 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 193 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 745 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 19 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 513 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Annotated checklist of the dicotyledons of Tortola (d'Arcy 1967)); An Environmental Profile of the Island of Tortola, Addendum I, Preliminary List of Species (Lindsay 2015); Monocotyledons ang Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong 2005) Most recent flora Flora of Virgin Gorda (Little et al. 1971); The flora of the American Virgin Islands (Britton 1918); Flora of St. John (Proctor in Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 1996); The island of Anegada and its flora (D'Arcy 1971) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); An Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackermann 1995)
more species list checklist	Anguilla	AGU	70	++	338	260	2
338 All Species 260 Indigenous Species 260 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 44 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 212 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 78 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); A Guide to Common Plants of Anguilla (Walker 2005) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Maarten (St. Martin)	STM	86	++	514	409	2
514 All Species 409 Indigenous Species 409 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 15 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 315 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 105 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Barthelemy (St. Barts)	SBA	21	++	444	349	0
444 All Species 349 Indigenous Species 349 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 308 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 95 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora The flora of the island of St. Bartholomew and its origin (Questel 1941); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Saba	SAB	13	++	558	427	1
558 All Species 427 Indigenous Species 427 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 59 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 60 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 280 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 131 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Eustatius	STE	21	++	453	353	1
453 All Species 353 Indigenous Species 353 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 37 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 256 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 100 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Kitts & Nevis	STK	269	++	817	665	3
817 All Species 665 Indigenous Species 665 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 134 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 103 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 377 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 152 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977); A revised list of pteridophytes from St. Kitts (Proctor 1962) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Antigua and Barbuda (incl. Redonda Isl.)	ABA	441	++	978	765	1
978 All Species 765 Indigenous Species 765 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 34 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 30 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 131 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 551 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 213 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Montserrat	MTS	102	++	909	712	4
909 All Species 712 Indigenous Species 712 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 121 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 35 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 79 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 18 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 458 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 197 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Guadeloupe (incl. Marie Galante, La Désirade, Les Saintes)	GDL	1.600	++	2065	1645	28
2065 All Species 1645 Indigenous Species 1645 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 28 Endemic Species 28 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 295 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 266 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 106 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 913 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 420 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (Fournet 1978); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Orchidaceae (Fournet). - In: Flore illustrée des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (1978); Atlas des Orchidées sauvages de Gouadeloupe (Feldmann & Barré 2001)
more species list checklist	Dominica	DOM	750	++	1458	1203	15
1458 All Species 1203 Indigenous Species 1202 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 15 Endemic Species 15 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 202 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 45 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 175 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 87 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 693 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 255 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Dominica (Hodge 1954, Nicolson 1991); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Flora of Dominica, Pt. 1 (Orchidaceae) (Hodge 1954)
more species list checklist	Martinique	MAR	1.102	++	1914	1484	31
1914 All Species 1484 Indigenous Species 1484 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 31 Endemic Species 31 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 226 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 58 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 241 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 85 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 873 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 20 endemic) 430 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (Fournet 1978); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Lucia	STL	616	++	1449	1131	10
1449 All Species 1131 Indigenous Species 1131 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 10 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 120 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 47 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 186 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 55 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 721 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 318 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	STV	389	++	1361	1110	14
1361 All Species 1110 Indigenous Species 1110 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 168 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 48 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 128 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 709 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 12 endemic) 251 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Grenada	GRE	344	++	1104	925	4
1104 All Species 925 Indigenous Species 925 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 154 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 133 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 67 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 544 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 179 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); The Orchids of the Islands of Grenada, British West Indies (Schultes 1956, in Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 25)
more species list checklist	Barbados	BBD	430	++	858	582	7
858 All Species 582 Indigenous Species 582 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 30 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 19 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 103 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 422 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 276 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Barbados (Gooding et al., 1965); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Barbados (Gooding, Loveless & Proctor 1965)
more species list checklist	Trinidad & Tobago	TRT	5.048	+	3494	2364	87
3494 All Species 2364 Indigenous Species 2363 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 87 Endemic Species 87 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 297 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 79 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 468 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 185 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 1333 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 51 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1130 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago (Baksh-Comeau et al. 2016) Most recent flora Flora of Trinidad & Tobago - Williams, R. O. et al. (1928-1979, mostly complete, plus additional volumes until 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Checklist of the pteridophytes of Trinidad & Tobago (Baksh-Comeau 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Native Orchids of Trinidad and Tobago (Schultes 1960)
more species list checklist	Aruba	ARU	179	+	334	272	3
334 All Species 272 Indigenous Species 272 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 58 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 211 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 62 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist	Bonaire	BON	288	+	370	302	3
370 All Species 302 Indigenous Species 302 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 66 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 227 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 68 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist	Curacao	CUR	444	+	516	430	5
516 All Species 430 Indigenous Species 430 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 97 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 316 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 86 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist	San Andres y Providencia	SWC	43	o	68	66	0
68 All Species 66 Indigenous Species 66 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 66 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (82)
more species list checklist	Colombia	CLM	1.141.748	+	26345	25266	8214
26345 All Species 25266 Indigenous Species 25264 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 8214 Endemic Species 8214 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 31.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1767 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 201 endemic) 38 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 18 endemic) 1472 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 461 endemic) 3820 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1126 endemic) 4512 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2337 endemic) 13657 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4071 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1079 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia (Bernal, Gradstein & Celis, eds., 2015) Most recent flora Flora de Colombia (1983 ff., 32 vols. published, very incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989); Helechos y plantas afines de Colombia (Murillo-Pulido 1990); Flora de Colombia, Vol. 9: Pteridophyta 1 (Murillo-Pulido 1988) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Materials to the Orchid Flora of Colombia (Szlachetko et al., 2017 ff., 3 volumes published); Native Colombian Orchids, Vol. 1-6 (Escobar 1990-98); Orquideas de Colombia (Ortiz 1995) [contains checklist]; Lista de especies de Orquídeas registradas para Colombia: Adiciones y correcciones (Ortiz 2000, in Orquideologia 21)
more species list checklist	Venezuela (incl. Isla Margarita)	VEN	912.050	+	16674	16045	3811
16674 All Species 16045 Indigenous Species 16044 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3811 Endemic Species 3811 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 22.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1274 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 140 endemic) 28 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 752 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 201 endemic) 2672 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 653 endemic) 1539 Indigenous Orchids (of them 292 endemic) 9780 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2523 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 629 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Nuevo Catalogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela (Hokche, Berry & Huber, eds., 2008) Most recent flora Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana (Steyermark et al., eds., 9 vols., complete); Flora of Venezuela (Lasser et al., eds., 1968-1989, 24 parts published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora de Venezuela, Vol. 1 + 2 (Helechos) (Vareschi 1968-69); Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 2 (1995) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Venezuelan orchids illustrated (Dunsterville & Garay 1959-1976, 6 vols.) (reprint as Orchids of Venezuela - An Illustrated Field Guide, 1979, 2nd ed. as Illustrated Field Guide of Orchids of Venezuela, Romero & Carnevali 2000, 3 Vols.); Flora de Venezuela, Vol. XV, pt. 1-5 (Foldats 1969-70); Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 7 (2003)
more species list checklist	Guyana (British Guyana)	GUY	214.969	+	6482	6230	464
6482 All Species 6230 Indigenous Species 6230 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 464 Endemic Species 464 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 545 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 298 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 25 endemic) 1054 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 62 endemic) 568 Indigenous Orchids (of them 34 endemic) 3759 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 316 endemic) 252 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997) Most recent flora Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana (Steyermark et al., eds., 9 vols., complete); Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae (Christensen in Mori et al. 1997)
more species list checklist	Surinam	SUR	163.265	+	4686	4460	134
4686 All Species 4460 Indigenous Species 4460 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 134 Endemic Species 134 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 332 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 239 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 827 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 396 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2664 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 90 endemic) 226 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997) Most recent flora Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Pteridophytes of Suriname (Kramer 1978) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Orchideeen van Suriname (Werkhoven 1986)
more species list checklist	French Guiana	FRG	83.534	+	5131	4924	349
5131 All Species 4924 Indigenous Species 4924 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 349 Endemic Species 349 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 343 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 10 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 292 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 29 endemic) 807 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 48 endemic) 447 Indigenous Orchids (of them 60 endemic) 3032 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 202 endemic) 207 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997) Most recent flora Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana (Mori 1997, 2 vols.); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae (Christensen in Mori et al. 1997)
more species list checklist	Ecuador	ECU	272.045	+(+)	19583	18906	6106
19583 All Species 18906 Indigenous Species 18903 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6106 Endemic Species 6105 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 31.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1536 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 194 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 1008 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 264 endemic) 2751 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 929 endemic) 4414 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2367 endemic) 9182 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2351 endemic) 3 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 677 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (Moeller-Jorgensen ed., 1999); Supplements by Ulloa Ulloa & Neill (2005); Neill & Ulloa Ulloa (2011) Most recent flora Flora of Ecuador (1973 ff., 97 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 9 (Garay 1979); Native Ecuadorian orchids (Dodson & Escobar 1994, Dodson 2001); Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2009): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 76: Orchidaceae. Genera Aa - Cyrtidiorchis.; Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2009): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 84: Orchidaceae. Masdevallia and Affiliates.; Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2010): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 87: Orchidaceae. Genera Cyrtochiloides - Epibator.
more species list checklist	Galapagos Isl.	GAL	7.844	+(+)	788	655	181
788 All Species 655 Indigenous Species 655 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 181 Endemic Species 181 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 117 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 99 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 14 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 415 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 148 endemic) 133 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (Moeller-Jorgensen ed., 1999) Most recent flora Flora of the Galapagos Islands (Wiggins & Porter 1971); Flowering Plants of the Galapagos (McMullen 1999, Field Guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The orchids of the Galapagos Islands (Luer 1972)
WEST CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA (83)
more species list checklist	Peru	PER	1.280.000	+	21225	20644	7592
21225 All Species 20644 Indigenous Species 20642 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7592 Endemic Species 7592 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 35.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1319 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 142 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 1490 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 778 endemic) 2745 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 935 endemic) 2518 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1159 endemic) 12552 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4575 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 581 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru (Brako & Zarucchi 1993) Most recent flora Flora of Peru (1936 - 1995, 27 vols. published, mostly outdated); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta of Peru, pt. 1-6 (Tryon & Stolze 1989-94) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Icones Orchidacearum Peruvianum (Bennett & Christenson 1995-2000, Vol. 1-8, ongoing series); Orchids of Peru, Vol. I-IV (Schweinfurth 1959-1961, in Fieldiana Bot.)
more species list checklist	Bolivia	BOL	1.098.581	+	15539	14670	2972
15539 All Species 14670 Indigenous Species 14670 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2972 Endemic Species 2972 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1195 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 139 endemic) 17 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 569 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 128 endemic) 2257 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 372 endemic) 1388 Indigenous Orchids (of them 553 endemic) 9244 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1779 endemic) 869 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia (Jorgensen et al. 2014) Most recent flora Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Prodromus of a Fern Flora of Bolivia (Smith & Kessler 2016 ff., over 30 parts, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orquideas de Bolivia, Vol. 1 (Vasquez & Ibisch 2000); Orquideas de Bolivia, Vol. 2 (Vasquez & Ibisch 2003); Index Orchidacearum Bolivianum (Hashimoto 1993)
BRAZIL (84)
more species list checklist	Brazil	BRA	8.547.404	+	37338	36732	21735
37338 All Species 36732 Indigenous Species 36731 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 21735 Endemic Species 21735 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 58.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1444 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 530 endemic) 25 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 1662 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 895 endemic) 6713 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4250 endemic) 2781 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1791 endemic) 24107 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14264 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 606 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br) Most recent flora Many regional floras (all incomplete), especially: Flora d Bahia (ca. 85 families and groups published); Flora do Ceara (2013 ff., ca. 30 families and groups published); Flora do Sergipe (2 vols., 2013, 2015), Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins (1981 ff., 51 families and groups published); Flora do Distrito Federal (2001 ff., 11 families published); Flora Ecologia de Restingas do Sudeste do Brazil (1965-1978, 22 families published); Flora do Rio de Janeiro (2017 ff., 24 families published); Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais (134 families published); Flora Fanerogamica da Ilha do Cardoso (1991 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora ilustrata do Rio Grande do Sul (1955-1992, 22 vols. published); Flora ilustrada Catarinense (Reitz, ed., 1967 ff., 184 parts published); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing); Especies Arboreas Brasileiras (Carvalho 2003-2014, 5 vols. published); Arvores Brasileiras (Lorenzi 2009, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Brasileira: Orquideas 1 (A-L), 2 (M-Z) (CD-ROM, Campacci 2000); Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br); Orchidaceae Brasilienses (Pabst & Dungs 1975-77); Icones Orchidacearum Brasilienses (Castro & Campacci, Vol. 1, 2001)
more species list checklist	Fernando Noronha Isl.	FNI	26	-	30	29	11
30 All Species 29 Indigenous Species 29 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 11 Endemic Species 11 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 36.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 25 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Terrestrial vascular floras of Brazil's Oceanic Archipelagos (Alves 2006) [not seen and not included]
more species list checklist	Ilha da Trindade	ITR	11	o	16	16	12
16 All Species 16 Indigenous Species 16 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12 Endemic Species 12 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 75 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 10 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) Most recent flora Ilha da Trindade & Arquipelago Martin Vaz (Alves 1998)
TEMPERATE SOUTH AMERICA (85)
more species list checklist	Paraguay	PAR	406.752	+	5202	5038	452
5202 All Species 5038 Indigenous Species 5038 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 452 Endemic Species 452 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 255 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 112 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 905 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 50 endemic) 173 Indigenous Orchids (of them 19 endemic) 3592 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 368 endemic) 164 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay (Pena Chocarro & de Egea 2018) Most recent flora Flora de Paraguay (1983 ff., 52 vols. plus Key published, still incomplete)
more species list checklist	Uruguay	URU	176.215	+	2852	2521	140
2852 All Species 2521 Indigenous Species 2521 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 140 Endemic Species 140 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 114 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 686 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 40 endemic) 50 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 1643 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 90 endemic) 331 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora Montevidensis (Lombardo 1982-1984, 3 vols.); Flora del Uruguay (1958-1972, only 4 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora de Uruguay, Vol. 1 Pteridophyta (Legrand & Lombardo 1958) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora del Uruguay (Herter 1949)
more species list checklist	Argentina	ARG	2.780.400	+	10163	9285	1966
10163 All Species 9285 Indigenous Species 9279 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1966 Endemic Species 1963 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 401 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 28 endemic) 19 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 109 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 8 endemic) 1962 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 399 endemic) 279 Indigenous Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 6515 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1500 endemic) 6 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 878 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de la Republica Argentina (2 vols., Zuloaga et al. 1996) Most recent flora Flora de Argentina (Anton & Zuloaga, dir., 2012 ff., 14 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Fanerogamica Argentina (online, 87 parts published). Various regional floras, most important: Flora Patagonica (1971-1998, 7 parts in 8 vols.); Flora de Mendoza (2009 ff., 10 families published); Flora de San Juan (2003 ff., 4 vols. published); Flora Rioplatense (7 parts published); Flora del Valle de Lerma (176 families published); Biota Rioplatense (1997-2005, 11 parts published)
more species list checklist	Chile (excl. Juan Fdz. Isl.)	CLE	756.626	+	4953	4280	1934
4953 All Species 4280 Indigenous Species 4275 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1934 Endemic Species 1934 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 39 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 117 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 20 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 16 endemic) 825 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 301 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 3248 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1564 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them endemic) 673 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018); Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora de Chile (1995 ff., 5 vols. published, about 50 % complete); numerous regional floras and field guides
more species list checklist	Desventuradas Isl.	DSV	30	+(+)	53	35	16
53 All Species 35 Indigenous Species 35 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 16 Endemic Species 16 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 30.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 27 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 15 endemic) 18 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018) Most recent flora The flora of San Felix Island (Johnston 1931); Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands (Mueller-Dombois & Fosberg 1998)
more species list checklist	Juan Fernandez Isl.	JNF	181	+	477	259	132
477 All Species 259 Indigenous Species 258 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 132 Endemic Species 132 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 27.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 56 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 26 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 52 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 18 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 144 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 82 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 218 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018); Catalogue of the vascular flora of the Robinson Crusoe or Juan Fernandez Islands (Marticorena 1998); Nouveau catalogue de la flore fasculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Danton 2013, with corrections and additions 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Helechos de Juan Fernandez (Barrera Moscoso 1997)
ANTARCTIC (9)
SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS (90)
more species list checklist	Macquarie Isl.	MAQ	123	++	55	48	4
55 All Species 48 Indigenous Species 48 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 26 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 7 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Campbell Isl.	CMP	137	++	139	127	2
139 All Species 127 Indigenous Species 127 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 23 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 60 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Heard & McDonald Isl.	HMD	372	+	13	12	0
13 All Species 12 Indigenous Species 12 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Marion & Prince Edward Isl.	MPE	335	+	37	25	2
37 All Species 25 Indigenous Species 25 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 7 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 11 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora An update on the indigenous vascular flora of sub-Antarctic Marion Island (Chau et al. 2020) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Île Amsterdam & St. Paul Isl.	ASP	67	+	38	38	9
38 All Species 38 Indigenous Species 38 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 20 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 9 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 9 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora La flore de l’île Amsterdam, état des lieux des connaissances. - Saboureau, F. (2023), Carnets botaniques no. 137. 40 p. Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Îles Crozet	CRZ	300	+	20	20	0
20 All Species 20 Indigenous Species 20 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Îles Kerguélen	KEG	6.993	+	40	29	2
40 All Species 29 Indigenous Species 29 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Falkland Isl.	FAL	12.173	+	261	170	14
261 All Species 170 Indigenous Species 170 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 22 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 45 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 99 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 91 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flowering Plants of the Falkland Islands (Woods 2000); The vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Moore 1968); The non-native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Broughton & McAdam 2002); Field Guide to the Plants of the Falkland Islands (Heller et al. 2019) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The current status and distribution of the Falkland islands pteridophyte flora (Broughton & MacAdam 2003)
more species list checklist	Tristan da Cunha (incl. Gough Island, Nightingale Isl., Inaccessible Island)	TDC	202	o	178	98	50
178 All Species 98 Indigenous Species 98 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 50 Endemic Species 50 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 28.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 39 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 16 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 34 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 24 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vegetation and Checklist of Inaccessible Island (Roux et al. 1992); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora The terrestrial botany of the Tristan da Cunha Islands (Wace & Dixon 1965); Vegetation and Checklist of Inaccessible Island (Roux et al. 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
more species list checklist	South Georgia Isl.	SGE	3.756	++	78	24	0
78 All Species 24 Indigenous Species 23 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora The Vascular Flora of South Georgia (Greene 1964); Survey for baseline information on introduced vascular plants: South Georgia (Osborne et al. 2009)
more species list checklist	South Sandwich Isl.	SSA	310	++	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)
more species list checklist	South Orkney Isl.	SOI	622	++	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)
more species list checklist	South Shetland Isl.	SSI	4.700	++	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)
ANTARCTIC CONTINENT (91)
more species list checklist	Antarctic continent	ANT	13.200.000	+	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)

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